Cctv newsOn the afternoon of February 16th, the Ministry of Commerce held a press conference. The spokesman introduced the recent key work in the commercial field and answered questions from reporters.

　　The reporter asked, according to US data, in 2022, the total trade volume of goods between the United States and China reached 690.6 billion US dollars, setting a new historical record. What is the comment of the Ministry of Commerce?

　　Spokesman Shu Yuting said that Sino-US economic and trade cooperation concerns the vital interests of the two peoples and plays a decisive role in global economic growth. In 2022, statistics from both sides showed that the bilateral trade volume between China and the United States reached a record high, showing strong resilience. This fully demonstrates the highly complementary economic structure between China and the United States and the mutual benefit and win-win nature of economic and trade cooperation.

　　China has always adhered to open cooperation and provided opportunities for the world through its own development. We have noticed that recently, the American Chamber of Commerce in China said that the China market is not an "option" but a "must" for American enterprises, and the Chamber of Commerce will seize new development opportunities with its member enterprises. U.s.-china business council believes that linking the United States and China is the best way to benefit the two peoples. China will always adhere to open cooperation and provide opportunities for the world through its own development.

Cctv newsOn March 17th, 2020, Jiang Rongmeng inspected the intensive care units of four hospitals, which was the seventh round of inspection since the beginning of February.

"The deepest feeling is that severe treatment relies on teamwork, and it is a hard battle every day." Jiang Rongmeng said that most of the critically ill patients are old, have many basic diseases, have many complications, and are difficult to treat. Fortunately, at present, human resources and facilities are sufficient, and they are treated in an orderly manner.

As the chief physician of beijing ditan hospital Infection Center and the director of the Office of the National Infectious Disease Quality Control Center, Jiang Rongmeng went to Wuhan on January 9, and was one of the experts who had been working in Wuhan for the longest time.

Work rhythm has trained more than 3,600 people in minutes.

During his guiding work in Wuhan, Jiang Rongmeng went to various hospitals to guide the epidemic prevention and control work, and conducted professional knowledge training for medical teams from all over the country who supported Wuhan. His work rhythm is calculated in minutes, and he teaches six or seven scenes and runs six or seven training venues every day, training more than 3,600 people.

In order to build confidence in young people, he will say at the beginning of every training, "I came to Wuhan on January 9, didn’t I stand in front of you well?" Colleagues are very concerned about him, and he responded: "Don’t worry, we are the most professional. It is a great pity that I can’t accompany you in this special period, but it is of great significance. I also want to stay in Wuhan and do my best to curb the spread of the epidemic. "

When interviewed by reporters, he said: "It’s not so busy every day." Through the telephone receiver, Jiang Rongmeng’s answer is honest and frank, without turning, rarely using adjectives, mentioning the contents related to epidemic prevention, and automatically translating obscure medical terms into "vernacular".

Jiang Rongmeng described the medical treatment of the epidemic as follows: "The first stage was an encounter, and the epidemic began in mid-February; The second stage is positional warfare, from late February to early March; The third stage is a tough battle, from mid-March to the end. "

Is it possible to relax? Jiang Rongmeng’s consistent attitude is: from an epidemiological point of view, as long as the new cases are not zero, it means there is still a source of infection. "Early control measures have played an important role", but it is not yet time to relax. Early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment need to be continued.

Everyone can’t avoid it, but he will go to every epidemic.

Jiang Rongmeng has long been accustomed to "chasing the epidemic", which is the unique calmness and calmness of an infectious disease expert who has seen too many infectious diseases. He has been engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases for 25 years, and has participated in the on-site treatment of major and sudden infectious diseases, infectious disease consultation, supervision and treatment of critically ill patients many times throughout the country.

He not only rushed to the front line in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, but also repeatedly charged on the battlefield of epidemic prevention and control of infectious diseases. He is a veritable "anti-epidemic person" chasing the epidemic.

In 2003, the SARS epidemic broke out, and he was the first doctor to enter the SARS ward. In November, 2014, he worked as the first batch of China public health emergency team members in Sierra Leone where Ebola was rampant for two months. Together with his teammates, he worked out training plans, training models and training materials, popularized Ebola prevention and control knowledge, changed the prevention and control concepts and behaviors of local community personnel, and laid the foundation for ensuring the successful completion of China’s training project on Ebola epidemic in West Africa.

In April 2017, Jiang Rongmeng went to Tibet to guide the first case of bird flu treatment in Tibet; Then he went to Pingliang, Gansu to guide the clinical treatment of Japanese encephalitis; At the end of the same year, I went to Changchun, Shenyang, Guangdong, Hunan and other places for supervision and training during the flu. In November 2017, he was selected by the National Health and Wellness Commission to go to Madagascar to participate in the prevention and treatment of plague. Appointed by the National Health and Wellness Commission in 2019, Jiang Rongmeng rushed to South Sudan to deal with Ebola and other epidemics.

According to statistics, after 2003, he accepted the assignment of the superior unit and went to more than 230 places around the world to participate in the epidemic disposal. Whenever accepting the task of fighting the epidemic, Jiang Rongmeng’s answer is always calm and firm. He often said: "It is the responsibility of infectious disease doctors to go to epidemic areas and face up to severe infectious diseases, and it is an ability to return safely."

However, he ran in the front line of prevention and control in COVID-19 and confronted the virus many times, but he said: "In mid-January, I felt that this was the most serious epidemic I have ever seen, and I was chilling about infectious diseases for the first time." By chill, he meant the possible consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic, which strengthened his determination to stick to the end of World War I..

"China, Europe and the United States, today’s technology to prevent and control infections is not a problem. For example, this time in novel coronavirus, it was amazing to get the virus and make detection reagents in ten days, which was not a little better than 17 years ago! " Jiang Rongmeng said that the biggest challenge is still the decision-making mechanism, and good decision-making comes from information transparency, cooperation and sharing.

The change of ideas is not a day’s work.

"Doctors, no matter which major they are engaged in, should have the thinking from treating individuals to paying attention to groups." Rich experience in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases has also enabled him to focus on specialized treatment from the very beginning to expand his vision to public health.

In dealing with the epidemic situation again and again, Jiang Rongmeng realized that it is impossible to defeat infectious diseases by treating one patient after another, which belongs to the end in the whole chain of diseases. In his view, infectious diseases are not like chronic diseases such as hypertension. If prevention is not done from the source, no matter how many beds and medical staff can cope. He concluded that "hand hygiene is always the most important way to prevent respiratory infectious diseases or infectious diseases spread by contact".

Because of this, during the epidemic period, he will do popular science propaganda as long as he has the energy, and he has issued "Very Important Guidelines for Treating Patients with Fever and Cough", "Very Important Points for Hospital Infection Control of Pneumonia Infected in novel coronavirus" and "How to Prevent Pneumonia Infected in novel coronavirus"? "and other popular science articles, and for a number of media platforms to review novel coronavirus popular science articles, entries, protective measures video, so that more people can understand the correct epidemic prevention knowledge and epidemic prevention measures.

In a speech, Jiang Rongmeng shared some thoughts about infectious diseases. He said, "Infectious diseases still leave us a lot of thoughts. Infectious diseases have never left humans for a day, because the only infectious disease we have eliminated so far is smallpox. "

"So how do we control infectious diseases? I wrote a diary in West Africa — — The change of ideas was not built in a day. Therefore, in order to control infectious diseases, if our government and our people can learn more about infectious diseases and change some concepts and behaviors that lead to their spread, they can control infectious diseases, even infectious diseases like Ebola and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, which are not so terrible. "

In the face of the COVID-19 epidemic, the same is true. Some ideas and behaviors that lead to the spread are changed, so that the virus can not be exploited, and infectious diseases can not be transmitted.

When the sun rises, spring grass grows in Seoul. Jiang Rongmeng, who is busy inspecting the hospital, firmly believes as always: the fight against epidemic will win, and the dawn is ahead. (Text/Dong Shuyun)

　　In the robot super factory, the mechanical arm rotates and twists and works flexibly; The "smart brain" finely matches the supply chain scheme and warehousing logistics, and the orders rush to the urgently needed factories according to the principle of optimal efficiency; There are many unmanned tower cranes in Yangshan Port, which continuously transport containers to all parts of the world … … The production line is flying and the logistics is smooth. Such a scene is happening in Shanghai.

　　"the machine keeps going, it’s real money." At present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control is still complicated. Shanghai, the economic center city, is doing its best to keep the production line uninterrupted and the supply chain stable while doing a good job in fighting the epidemic.

In Xinshida Robot Super Factory, two robots are assembling a welding robot body. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　One robot deftly holds an "arm" and puts it in place accurately. The other robot "holds" the screws and rotates rapidly, and a set of screws can be locked and attached in less than 3 seconds. The robot will judge how tight each screw is to ensure that it is just right.

　　As the first "robot manufacturing robot" intelligent factory in Shanghai, Xinshida is located in Jiading, Shanghai, and robots are busy on the production line. Compared with the manual production line, the robot production line improves the one-time pass rate of product testing by 15% and the efficiency by more than 30%. During the epidemic, the smart factory ensured that the production line operated as usual.

　　"I am responsible for ‘ Robot manufacturing robot ’ On the production line, 20 robots can be produced every day. " Zhou Yuan, director of robot operation of Xinshida, said that there is a strong demand for automation products in the market. In addition to the "robot manufacturing robot" production line, more than 300 employees in other production lines have voluntarily returned to work, eating and living in the factory, and go all out to stabilize production and ensure delivery.

　　The production capacity of a factory in xinqiao town, Songjiang District, Shanghai is "in a hurry" and it is impossible to complete the processing order in a short time. Through big data matching, these orders were "dispatched" to Suzhou factories with similar production equipment and manufacturing capabilities, and they were delivered directly after production.

　　Behind such a "stable chain" story is a smart network based on the Internet and big data. Yunhan Core City (Shanghai) Internet Technology Co., Ltd. provided components to more than 2,000 small and medium-sized electronic manufacturing enterprises every day through the electronic components online mall during the epidemic period, so as to avoid the impact of "no materials available" on production progress and help reduce the disturbance of the epidemic to the supply chain of the electronic industry.

　　"The company’s latest smart factory network platform launched in March flexibly connects factories in different fields and different scales across the country to meet the differentiated needs of enterprises in the supply chain, and solves the urgent need for factories that cannot start work temporarily due to the epidemic." Zhou Xuefeng, vice president of Yunhan Core City Company, said.

　　For semiconductor enterprises that produce 24 hours a day, their tolerance for supply chain fluctuations is lower. Power semiconductor company Nixi Semiconductor Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. urgently purchased more than 1,000 sleeping bags and bedding. Under the premise of full coverage and negative nucleic acid, during the 48-hour closed management period of dicing and grid screening in Shanghai, the output was 98% with 75% attendance. Shanghai Super Silicon Semiconductor Co., Ltd., which specializes in the production of 300 mm polished silicon wafers and thin-layer epitaxial wafers, has full orders and uninterrupted production under the guidance of accurate epidemic prevention.

　　"Our products are supplied to many world-class semiconductor companies. Entering the global supply chain system is not only a certification of the scientific and technological content of products, but also a test of fine management and stable operation of enterprises. " Chen Meng, chairman of Shanghai Super Silicon, said, "Stability is an important competitiveness of China enterprises."

At the dock of Shanghai Port, the ocean-going ships are berthed in an orderly manner, and the tower cranes are working smoothly, which is a busy scene. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

　　On the automatic dock of Yangshan Port Phase IV, there are many red tower cranes, and large international cargo ships are about to transport "Made in China" to all parts of the world. With the help of remote control and non-contact operation, the container throughput of Shanghai Port remained at around 140,000 TEUs during the epidemic period, and the container throughput remained at a high level from January to February, which became a powerful footnote for international ports to stabilize logistics and supply chain. (Reporter Yao Yujie, Gong Wen, Jia Yuankun)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 13th 　Title: Change, evolution, risk accumulation, tide and mighty training of new machines — — Scanning the international situation in the middle of the year

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　Looking back on the first half of the year, it seems that the accelerated evolution of the world situation is always impacting the nerves of the world. The United States continues to create camp confrontation on a global scale, and the Ukrainian crisis is in a long-term trend. The global economy is facing the test of low growth, and the trend of "dollarization" of the international monetary system is becoming more and more obvious. Extreme high temperatures are widespread in the northern hemisphere, warning that it is more urgent to deal with climate change. At the same time, the new development of artificial intelligence technology has driven a new round of scientific and technological revolution and accelerated industrial transformation.

　　A "wave of reconciliation" has set off in the Middle East, and developing countries have rapidly awakened their sense of autonomy and become more active in the international arena. At the same time, China’s diplomacy has pressed the "acceleration button" to inject more certainty and positive energy into the turbulent and changing world.

　　The United States continues to push up the risk of "new cold war"

　　At present, the domestic political polarization in the United States is getting worse and worse, and the social tear is getting worse and worse. The U.S. government attempts to pass on the domestic crisis by creating camp confrontation in the international arena, and continuously pushes up the risk that the world will fall into a "new cold war."

　　Since the beginning of this year, in order to safeguard hegemonic self-interest, the United States has continued to delay the war in Ukraine, forced Japan-ROK relations, and promoted military cooperation between the United States, Britain and Australia, with the intention of disrupting peace and stability in Asia, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region; In Africa, Latin America, South Pacific and other regions, the United States constantly exaggerates the tense atmosphere and undermines normal economic and trade cooperation by "exclusive" means.

　　The United States has gone further and further along the road of suppressing China in all directions: it continues to implement "decoupling and breaking the chain" with China, especially in the field of science and technology, in order to reduce China’s development space in the frontier science and technology field; In order to cover up the intention of "decoupling", the so-called "de-risk" rhetoric is thrown out, the essence of which is to change the old wine in new bottles without changing the medicine; In the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea, it has repeatedly provoked confrontation, hollowed out the one-China principle, and continuously strengthened the US military’s presence in the South China Sea.

　　Yan Li, executive director of the Institute of World Politics of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, pointed out that senior American officials also put forward the "New Washington Consensus" in an attempt to find a solution to contain China from the institutional level. Li Zheng, an associate researcher at the American Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, noted that the US government has taken measures to curb China in key raw materials, emerging technologies, markets, standard setting and other fields, and attempted to coordinate and promote it on a global scale.

　　In the first half of the year, the United States openly coerced the European Union and other allies to restrict the export of semiconductor production equipment to China; At the G-7 summit, the United States showed no respect for its allies, which made the international community see more clearly that the so-called G-7 was actually "1+6". The United States will mercilessly "harvest" its allies when necessary.

　　The actions of the United States show that this declining superpower is still trying to maximize its own self-interest by relying on its economic strength, which accounts for more than 20% of global GDP, and occupy the leading position in terms of rules, standards and discourse power. This hegemonic logic has been widely resisted around the world.

　　Richard haas, former president of the American Council on Foreign Relations, who has served in the US government and security agencies for a long time, pointed out a few days ago that the real danger of the United States is at home, and the most serious threat to world security at present is the United States itself.

　　Ukraine’s crisis has been expanding for a long time.

　　Since the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, the attack and defense between Russia and Ukraine have been carried out alternately. Recently, the Ukrainian army began a partial counterattack. The Russian side stated that the Ukrainian armed forces suffered heavy losses. Russian President Vladimir Putin pointed out that the war damage of the Ukrainian army shows that western countries intend to fight Russia to the last Ukrainian.

　　The delay of the conflict has brought more disasters to the local people’s livelihood. The destruction of Kahovka Hydropower Station has affected the production and life of 1.4 million people.

　　It is worth noting that the United States and the West have repeatedly broken through their own commitments and continuously improved the performance of aid weapons to Ukraine. At first, they only provided helmets and individual anti-tank missiles, and now they have begun to provide NATO active main battle tanks and armored vehicles, and then depleted uranium bombs and cluster bombs. Even on the issue of aid to Uzbekistan for F-16 fighters, there are signs of letting go.

　　Han Lu, deputy director of the Eurasian Institute of China Institute of International Studies, said that while sending deadly weapons to the battlefield in Ukraine, the United States tried its best to pour fuel on the fire, while at the same time openly and secretly obstructing persuasion and promoting talks, in an attempt to achieve "killing two birds with one stone", that is, preventing the EU from achieving strategic autonomy and continuing to consume and suppress Russia.

　　The Russian economy has shown resilience under the pressure of western sanctions. According to official data, Russia’s current inflation level and debt-to-GDP ratio are lower than those of many western countries, and the unemployment rate remains at a low level. Trade between Russia and many countries in South Asia, the Middle East and Europe has continued to grow substantially. Western public opinion admits that the Russian economy "successfully withstood the unprecedented severe sanctions in the West".

　　On the one hand, the United States and the West added fuel to the fire, on the other hand, the vast number of developing countries generally refused to take sides, and the trend of multipolarization for peace, development and cooperation became more and more powerful.

　　Many countries in the world are facing the challenge of "low growth"

　　At the end of last year and the beginning of this year, many international institutions predicted that the global economy would fall into recession and high inflation this year. Recently, the World Bank and the United Nations raised their global economic growth forecasts to 2.1% and 2.3% respectively, indicating that the global economy may be more optimistic than expected in the past six months.

　　However, low growth is still a severe challenge that many countries in the world need to deal with urgently. The World Bank believes that the overall growth of the global economy is expected to be weak this year and next, except for the outstanding performance of individual economies. Jill, chief economist of the World Bank, said that the global economy is in an "unstable" state, and economic growth in many regions can hardly meet the needs of social development except East Asia and South Asia. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development also believes that global economic growth is on a "long and tortuous road".

　　The dilemma of global economic growth is caused by the superposition and interweaving of multiple factors. Zhang Yuncheng, director of the Institute of World Economics of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, believes that from a cyclical perspective, the global economy is in a long-term downward phase; From the perspective of economic order, in order to maintain its hegemonic position, the United States has created artificial confrontation and disrupted the normal operation of the global economy.

　　Zhang Yuncheng said that the logic of world economic development has undergone major changes. The logic of politics and security is rapidly surpassing the logic of economy and market. The phenomenon of politicization, instrumentalization and weaponization of economic factors has intensified. The supply chain of industrial chain has been partially dismantled and reconstructed, and the global economic governance system has shown signs of fragmentation.

　　The trend of "dollarization" is more obvious.

　　In the first half of the year, a number of American banks, such as Silicon Valley Bank, successively "thundered" and the US federal government debt ceiling crisis was staged again, which aroused global concern and aggravated the world’s concerns about US financial security and distrust of the US dollar.

　　Sun Lipeng, an associate researcher at the American Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, and other interviewed experts believe that bank failures have further exposed systemic risks such as poor supervision of the US financial system and balance sheet mismatch under the background of the Fed’s interest rate hike, and also reflected the anti-mite effect of dollar hegemony on the US economy. In addition, the drama of the US government debt ceiling crisis keeps repeating itself, which continuously consumes the value of US dollar assets such as US government credit and US debt, further exacerbating the world’s distrust of the US dollar.

　　Analysts pointed out that the global "dollarization" process "has inevitably begun". During the first half of the year, Chinese and French oil giants completed the first cross-border RMB settlement transaction of natural gas, Brazil announced that it would settle its trade with China in local currency, India and Malaysia agreed to settle its trade in Indian Rupee, ASEAN member countries agreed to strengthen the use of local currency, and many countries signed various types of local currency swap agreements … …

　　A series of facts show that many countries are seeking to reduce their dependence on the US dollar and establish a financial settlement system with high efficiency, low risk and no influence from the US dollar. The diversification of the international monetary system continues to evolve on a global scale, and currencies other than the US dollar are increasingly used in international trade and investment.

　　Extreme weather warning is urgent to deal with climate change.

　　Affected by global climate change and other factors, extreme high temperature weather and severe floods frequently occur in North America, South Asia, Europe and other regions. Some international scientific research institutions predict that the possibility of record-breaking heat waves in Spain, Portugal and other countries this year will "increase by at least 100 times".

　　In recent years, the signs of global warming have become more and more obvious. Glacier melting is accelerating, frozen soil range is decreasing, sea level is rising, and extreme weather events in many countries and places appear frequent and strong trend … … Climate change has an increasingly significant impact on the earth’s ecosystem, bringing new risks to human health, production and life.

　　United Nations Secretary-General Guterres has warned that the earth is rapidly approaching the critical point of climate change, and it is urgent for the international community to jointly address climate change. On Earth Day on April 22 this year, Guterres once again called on the international community to speed up climate action.

　　Developed countries have a historical responsibility for global climate change, so they should take the lead in drastically reducing emissions and fill the promised funding gap of $100 billion annually in climate financing as soon as possible. A study published in the British journal Nature and Sustainable Development in June this year shows that about 90% of the world’s excess carbon emissions come from developed countries such as the United States, and these developed countries should pay compensation to low-carbon emitting countries, so as to ensure that the relevant goals of tackling climate change can be achieved.

　　Congo (Brazzaville) President Sassou recently pointed out that the commitment of developed countries to provide 100 billion US dollars a year to help developing countries cope with climate change has never been fulfilled since it was established in 2009.

　　Many countries set off a new round of artificial intelligence competition.

　　At the beginning of this year, the "super power" performance of generative artificial intelligence in content creation and human-computer interaction made people really feel that "the future has come".

　　Artificial intelligence technology, represented by generative artificial intelligence, large model and embodied intelligence, will revolutionize the face of media, film and television, intelligent manufacturing, e-commerce and e-sports, biopharmaceuticals and other industries. The report of McKinsey, a multinational consulting company, predicts that the extensive application of generative artificial intelligence technology will bring at least 2.6 trillion to 4.4 trillion US dollars of growth to the global economy every year, and the annual contribution to the economy is "equivalent to a UK".

　　Multinational technology giants are competing to increase investment in artificial intelligence research and development and accelerate the integration of their products and artificial intelligence applications. Google released a new generation of dialogue AI system, Microsoft released a search engine and browser integrated with ChatGPT, and NVIDIA, the leader of artificial intelligence chips, announced the launch of a series of new products and services related to artificial intelligence, covering robot design, game functions, advertising services and other fields.

　　A report released by China Institute of Science and Technology Information recently shows that at present, the artificial intelligence model in China is developing vigorously. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of May this year, about 80 large-scale models with parameters above 1 billion have been released nationwide. In terms of the distribution of the released large models in the world, China and the United States are far ahead, accounting for more than 80% of the global total.

　　With the development of artificial intelligence in full swing, the impact of this technology on human society in employment and privacy protection has caused more concern, and the call for setting up a "guardrail" for the development of artificial intelligence has become increasingly widespread.

　　Developing countries are surging with the trend of unity and self-improvement.

　　In the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and Iran resumed diplomatic relations under the mediation of China, the relations between the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Qatar were normalized, and Syria returned to the League of Arab States … … This region, which has been in turmoil for a long time because of external hegemonic interference, has set off a "wave of reconciliation", and seeking peace, development and anti-interference has become the aspiration and general trend of regional countries.

　　In South America, Brazilian President Lula shouted: "We have no time to waste, and South America should once again embark on the road of unity." The leaders of South American countries recently gathered in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, to achieve a long-lost "happy reunion". The participating parties issued a consensus document on strengthening regional cooperation and accelerating South American integration.

　　In the Asia-Pacific region, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement has come into full force for 10 ASEAN countries and 15 signatory countries including Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand, which has injected new impetus into regional economic integration and will comprehensively enhance the level of regional trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.

　　In Africa, the negotiation of the continental free trade area agreement is progressing steadily, which is expected to accelerate the industrialization of Africa. The latest report shows that China-Africa trade has recovered strongly, and more and more products with African characteristics, such as Kenyan wild anchovy, Madagascar essential oil, Zambian precious stones and Zimbabwean woodcarving, have entered the China market.

　　The BRICS cooperation mechanism has been widely recognized and supported by the international community, and many countries such as Bangladesh, Egypt and Nigeria have applied for membership. Cuban president Dí az-Canel said that the BRICS countries’ defense of multipolarization and multilateralism "is providing the possibility for establishing a more just and global international economic order". The Shanghai Cooperation Organization officially accepted Iran as a member of the SCO and approved the signing of a memorandum on Belarus’ obligation to join the SCO. The development of the SCO has injected more certainty and positive energy into the turbulent world.

　　Contribute China’s strength to building a better world

　　In the face of a turbulent and changing world, China has always advocated win-win cooperation and coexistence, persisted in coping with risks and challenges through development, and practiced being a responsible big country. The global security initiative, global development initiative and global civilization initiative put forward by China point out the direction, build consensus and gather strength to solve the common problems faced by mankind.

　　China points out a new path for maintaining global security. Since the beginning of this year, from the official release of the Concept Paper of the Global Security Initiative to the successful resumption of diplomatic relations between Shay and China, and then to the mediation and promotion of talks on the Ukrainian crisis, has provided ideological enlightenment for solving the global "security deficit" and brought positive energy of "promoting peace" to the world through solid actions. Weng Shijie, chairman of the Asia-Pacific "Belt and Road Initiative", said that the global security initiative proposed by China fills the gap in the global security architecture and represents the power of justice in contemporary global security governance. Falgiani, an Egyptian sinologist, said that China’s initiative and plan pointed out the path for building a more just and reasonable world.

　　China injects positive energy into promoting world development. "Half of the 32 practical measures have been implemented or achieved early results" and "nearly 40 developing countries are benefiting from them" … … The Progress Report on the Implementation of Global Development Initiatives released in Beijing a few days ago shows that China’s series of pragmatic measures to promote global development initiatives have brought tangible benefits to all countries, especially developing countries. Kang Bosi, representative of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization in China, said that China’s global development initiative has brought hope for solving global challenges and the development needs of developing countries.

　　With the global economic outlook depressed, China’s economy has rebounded to a good trend this year. The high-quality development of China’s economy has provided the world with more advanced technologies and broad markets, and also injected more confidence into the world to get out of the low tide of economic growth as soon as possible. Schwab, chairman of the World Economic Forum, said: "The whole world has benefited from the development of China."

　　China offers a new plan to promote the progress of human civilization. In March this year, China first proposed the Global Civilization Initiative and played a new movement of dialogue among human civilizations. This important initiative advocates transcending the barriers between civilizations, learning from each other, and transcending the superiority of civilizations, which further enriches and expands the practical path of building a community of human destiny. This year, China invited Central Asian countries to participate in the "Cultural Silk Road" plan and accelerate the establishment of cultural centers; Officially launched the Arabic international version of the "Monkey King Series" series, and the Arabic version of the hit drama Minning Town about counterpart poverty alleviation work has been broadcast in Arab countries such as Sudan and Egypt; After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Honduras, Sino-Honduran archaeological cooperation ushered in a new chapter … … Many people believe that China’s initiative on global civilization will strongly promote the exchange and mutual learning of global civilizations and help build a community of human destiny. (Reporter Han Bing, Liu Chen, Liu Haiyan, Li Jie, Zhang Ying)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 10-the State Council Press Office released a white paper entitled "Building the Belt and Road Together: A Major Practice in Building a Community of Human Destiny" on October 10. The full text is as follows:

Building the "Belt and Road" Together: A Major Practice of Building a Community of Human Destiny

(October 2023)

People’s Republic of China (PRC)

the State Council Information Office

　　catalogue

　　foreword

　　First, it originated in China and belongs to the world.

　　(A) rooted in history, carry forward the spirit of the Silk Road

　　(B) in response to reality, solve development problems

　　(3) Create the future and make the world better.

　　Second, pave the way for common development and prosperity

　　(1) Principle: discuss, build and share.

　　(2) Concept: open, green and clean.

　　(3) Objectives: high standards, sustainability and benefiting people’s livelihood.

　　(D) Vision: a happy road to benefit the world

　　Third, promote all-round and multi-field interconnection

　　(A) extensive and in-depth policy communication

　　(2) The connectivity of facilities has begun to take shape.

　　(3) Smooth, convenient and efficient trade.

　　(D) increasingly diversified financing.

　　(5) The people’s hearts have a solid foundation.

　　(6) Cooperation in new areas has been steadily advanced.

　　Fourth, inject positive energy into world peace and development

　　(A) to build a country to bring tangible benefits.

　　(B) to add vitality to economic globalization

　　(3) Providing new solutions for improving global governance.

　　(D) Gathering the power of civilization for the progress of human society

　　V. Promoting high-quality co-construction of the "Belt and Road" to achieve stability and long-term success.

　　Concluding remarks

　　

　　foreword

　　More than two thousand years ago, our ancestors crossed the grassland desert with the simple desire of friendly exchanges, and opened up the land silk road connecting Asia, Europe and Africa, opening up a great exchange era in the history of human civilization. More than 1000 years ago, our ancestors set sail, crossed the stormy waves, and broke out the Maritime Silk Road connecting the East and the West, opening a new era of human civilization blending.

　　The ancient Silk Road, which runs through Wan Li for thousands of years, is not only a trade and barter road, but also a civilized exchange road, and has made great contributions to the development and progress of human society. Since the 1980s, the United Nations and some countries have successively put forward the idea of Eurasian Continental Bridge and the Silk Road Revival Plan, reflecting the common aspiration of people of all countries for communication, dialogue, exchanges and cooperation.

　　In March 2013, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward the concept of building a community of human destiny; In September and October, it was proposed to jointly build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Co-constructing the "Belt and Road Initiative" creatively inherits and carries forward the ancient Silk Road, the development achievement of human history and civilization, and endows it with new spirit of the times and humanistic connotation, which provides a practical platform for building a community of human destiny.

　　In the past 10 years, with the joint efforts of all parties, the "One Belt, One Road" initiative has moved from China to international practice, from concept to action, from vision to reality, from "freehand brushwork" in the layout of articles to "meticulous painting" in intensive cultivation, and has achieved solid and heavy achievements, becoming a popular platform for international public goods and international cooperation.

　　In the past 10 years, the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" has not only brought tangible benefits to relevant countries, but also made positive contributions to promoting the healthy development of economic globalization, solving global development problems and improving the global governance system, opening up a new path for mankind to realize modernization together and promoting the building of a community of human destiny to take root.

　　In order to introduce the achievements of the "Belt and Road" in the past 10 years, further enhance the understanding of the international community, promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" and make the "Belt and Road" benefit more countries and people, this white paper is hereby issued.

　　First, it originated in China and belongs to the world.

　　The world today is in a great change that has never happened in a century, and the development of human civilization is facing more and more problems and challenges. Focusing on the future and overall interests of mankind, China inherits and carries forward the Silk Road spirit, a precious heritage of human civilization, in response to global development and expectations of all countries, and proposes the initiative of jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative. This initiative, connecting history, reality and future, originated in China, facing the world and benefiting all mankind.

　　(A) rooted in history, carry forward the spirit of the Silk Road

　　During the Han Dynasty in China around 140 BC, Zhang Qian set out from Chang ‘an, opened the road from the east to the west, and completed the "journey of hollowing out". During the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties in China, the Silk Road on land and at sea developed together and became an important trade route connecting East and West. In the early 15th century, in the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven ocean voyages, which promoted the trade of the Maritime Silk Road. For thousands of years, the ancient Silk Road has been like an endless "artery", spanning the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Indus and Ganges rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basins, the birthplaces of Egyptian civilization, Babylonian civilization, Indian civilization and Chinese civilization, the gathering places of Buddhists, Christians and Muslims, and the gathering places of people of different countries and colors, thus promoting the interconnection between countries in Asia and Europe.

　　As a symbol of exchanges and cooperation between the East and the West, the Millennium Silk Road profoundly shows that countries with different nationalities, beliefs and cultural backgrounds can fully share peace and common development as long as they adhere to unity and mutual trust, equality and mutual benefit, tolerance and mutual learning, and win-win cooperation. The spirit of Silk Road is consistent with the Chinese nation’s beautiful idea of "One World, One Country, Xianning", Chinese’s consistent way of life, and the trend of peace, development, cooperation and win-win in today’s era.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a big party that cares about the world, and China is a big country that insists on peaceful development. Building the "Belt and Road" together promotes the spirit of Silk Road in the new era, evokes people’s good memories of the past era, and inspires the enthusiasm of countries to achieve interconnection. Building the "Belt and Road" together is not only a tribute to history, but also a reappearance of the grand occasion of "messengers facing each other on the road, business travel is endless" on the ancient Silk Road, and the prosperity of "ships crossing the sea, I don’t know their number" on the sea; It is also to explore the future, draw wisdom and strength from the ancient Silk Road and Silk Road spirit, continue to advance along the historical direction, better integrate the Chinese dream and the world dream, and realize the people of all countries’ desire for civilized exchanges, peace and tranquility, pursuit of common development, and yearning for a better life.

　　(B) in response to reality, solve development problems

　　Development is the key to solve all problems, and economic globalization has provided a powerful impetus for world economic development. More than 500 years ago, after the ancient Silk Road was interrupted for more than half a century, the era of great navigation came and fundamentally changed the development pattern of human society. Since modern times, with the scientific and technological revolution and the development of productive forces, economic globalization has become a historical trend. Especially after the 1990s, the rapid development of economic globalization has promoted the great prosperity of trade, the great convenience of investment, the great mobility of personnel and the great development of technology, and made important contributions to the development and progress of human society. However, the economic globalization led by a few countries has not achieved universal development, but has caused the rich to get richer and the poor to get poorer, and the gap between the rich and the poor in developed countries and developing countries has become wider and wider. Many developing countries have made little profit or even lost the ability of independent development in economic globalization, making it difficult for them to enter the track of modernization. Individual countries engage in unilateralism, protectionism and hegemonism, and the process of economic globalization encounters countercurrent, and the world economy faces the risk of recession. Problems such as insufficient kinetic energy of global economic growth, imperfect global economic governance system and unbalanced global economic development urgently need to be solved; The situation that world economic development is dominated by a few countries, economic rules are controlled by a few countries, and the fruits of development are exclusively enjoyed by a few countries must be changed.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" is not only for the development of China, but also for the development of the world. The historical trend of economic globalization is irreversible, and it is impossible for countries to return to the era of isolation and isolation. However, economic globalization is facing new adjustments in form and content, and should develop in a more open, inclusive, inclusive, balanced and win-win direction. China is a beneficiary and contributor of economic globalization. China actively participated in the process of economic globalization, achieved rapid economic development through benign interaction with the world, successfully opened up and promoted Chinese-style modernization, and expanded the path choice of developing countries towards modernization. China’s rapid economic growth and continuous promotion of reform and opening up have provided an important impetus for global economic stability and growth and the development of an open world economy. China is a staunch supporter and defender of economic globalization. Building the "Belt and Road" is highly compatible with the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in terms of concepts, initiatives and goals. It is not only a major measure for China to expand its opening up, but also aims to promote higher-quality development at a higher level and share China’s development opportunities with the world; It is also a Chinese plan to solve the global development problem. It aims to promote the common modernization of all countries, promote a more dynamic, inclusive and sustainable process of economic globalization, and make development achievements benefit people of all countries more and more fairly.

　　(3) Create the future and make the world better.

　　With the development of world multipolarization, economic globalization, social informatization and cultural diversity, countries are more frequently and closely linked and interdependent than ever before, and human beings are increasingly becoming a community of destiny with you and me. At the same time, the global peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit and governance deficit are increasing. Traditional and non-traditional security issues such as regional conflicts, arms race, food security, terrorism, network security, climate change, energy crisis, major infectious diseases and artificial intelligence are overlapping, and this beautiful planet where human beings live together is facing serious threats. Facing the endless global problems and challenges, human society needs new ideas and concepts and a more just, reasonable, balanced, resilient and effective global governance system. What kind of world to build and how to move towards a bright future for human society are related to every country and everyone. We must answer the questions of this era well and make a correct historical choice.

　　As a responsible developing country, China, based on the common destiny and overall interests of mankind, proposes to build a community of human destiny and a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty, which has outlined a new and beautiful vision for the future of mankind. Building the "Belt and Road" with the highest goal of building a community of human destiny, building a practical platform and providing a path to achieve this goal, and promoting the continuous implementation of a beautiful vision, is an important public product to improve global governance. Building the "Belt and Road" spans different regions, civilizations and stages of development, transcends ideological differences and social system differences, promotes countries to share opportunities, seek common development and common prosperity, and creates a community of interests, responsibilities and destiny with political mutual trust, economic integration and cultural tolerance, which has become a vivid practice in building a community of human destiny. Building the "Belt and Road" together has shaped people’s new cognition and imagination of the world, created a new concept and paradigm of international communication, pushed the global governance system to develop in a more just and reasonable direction, and led human society to a better future.

　　Second, pave the way for common development and prosperity

　　Building the Belt and Road Initiative upholds the concept of a community of human destiny, advocates and practices a global view, a development view, a security view, an openness view, a cooperation view, a civilization view and a governance view that adapt to the development of the times, and provides conceptual guidance and practical paths for all countries in the world to move towards common development and prosperity.

　　(1) Principle: discuss, build and share.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" is based on the principle of discussing, building and sharing, actively advocating the concept of win-win cooperation and the correct concept of justice and benefit, insisting that all countries are equal participants, contributors and beneficiaries, and promoting economic integration, development linkage and sharing of achievements.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" is not a solo of China, but a chorus of all parties. It advocates and practices true multilateralism, insists that everyone should discuss their own affairs, fully respects the differences in development level, economic structure, legal system and cultural traditions of various countries, and emphasizes equal participation, communication and consultation, brainstorming, without any political or economic conditions, and on a voluntary basis, to maximize consensus. All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, participate on an equal footing and can actively make suggestions and suggestions in bilateral and multilateral cooperation. All parties have strengthened bilateral or multilateral communication and consultation, jointly explored and pioneered the establishment of many cooperation mechanisms, and provided a platform for economies at different stages of development to engage in dialogue and cooperation and participate in global governance.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" and adhering to the principle of joint construction is not China’s foreign aid plan and geopolitical tool, but a program of action for joint development; It is not a substitute for the existing regional mechanism, but a mutual connection and complementary advantages. Adhere to the joint participation of all parties, deeply connect with relevant national and regional development strategies, fully explore and give full play to the development potential and comparative advantages of all parties, jointly create new opportunities for development, seek new impetus for development, expand new development space, and realize the complementary and coordinated development of each’s strengths and capabilities. Through bilateral cooperation, third-party market cooperation, multilateral cooperation and other forms, more countries and enterprises are encouraged to participate in depth and form a joint development force. Follow the laws of the market and realize the interests of all parties involved through market-oriented operation. Enterprises are the main body, and the government mainly plays the role of building a platform, creating a mechanism and guiding policies. China has played a leading role in building the "Belt and Road" by taking advantage of its huge economic volume and market scale, rich experience in infrastructure construction, strong equipment manufacturing capacity, good quality and high cost performance, and comprehensive advantages in industry, capital, technology, talents and management.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" adheres to the principle of sharing, adheres to the concept of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, seeks the intersection of interests of all parties and the greatest common denominator of cooperation, meets the development needs of all parties, responds to the realistic demands of the people, realizes the sharing of development opportunities and achievements by all parties, and prevents any country from falling behind. Most of the co-construction countries belong to developing countries, and all parties have made concerted efforts to solve the shortcomings of developing countries, such as backward infrastructure, lagging industrial development, low degree of industrialization, lack of capital and technology, and insufficient talent reserve, so as to promote economic and social development. China adheres to the principle of putting morality first, giving equal attention to justice and interests, providing assistance within its capacity to co-build the country, and sincerely helping developing countries to accelerate their development. At the same time, by co-building the "Belt and Road", it will promote the formation of a new pattern of all-round opening-up with land and sea linkage and two-way mutual assistance between East and West, build a new open economic system with a higher level, and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with domestic big circulation as the main body and domestic and international double circulation as the mutual promotion.

　　(2) Concept: open, green and clean.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" has always adhered to the true colors of openness, green background and clean and bright colors, persisted in openness and tolerance, promoted green development, cracked down on corruption with zero tolerance, and made steady progress on the road of high-quality development.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" is a sunshine avenue where everyone moves forward hand in hand. It is not a private path of one side, and it does not exclude or target any party. It does not engage in geopolitical calculations, does not engage in closed exclusive "small circles", does not engage in small groups based on ideological standards, and does not engage in military alliances. From Eurasia to Africa, America and Oceania, no matter what political system, history, culture, religious belief, ideology and stage of development, as long as they have the will to develop together, they can participate in it. Guided by openness and tolerance, all parties resolutely oppose protectionism, unilateralism and hegemonism, jointly promote the all-round, three-dimensional and network-like pattern of great connectivity, explore new cooperation models of win-win, shared responsibility and common governance, build a global interconnected partnership and build a harmonious and coexisting family.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" conforms to the international trend of green and low-carbon development, advocates respecting nature, adapting to nature and protecting nature, respects the right of all parties to pursue green development, responds to the needs of all parties for sustainable development, and forms a consensus on building a green "Belt and Road". All parties actively carry out the "One Belt, One Road" green development policy dialogue, share and display the concept and effect of green development, enhance the consensus and actions of green development, deepen pragmatic cooperation in the fields of green infrastructure, green energy, green transportation and green finance, and strive to build a resource-saving and green and low-carbon Silk Road, making important contributions to protecting the ecological environment, achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, and coping with climate change. China gives full play to its advantages in renewable energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, clean production and other fields, and uses China’s technology, products and experience to promote the vigorous development of green "Belt and Road" cooperation.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" will regard honesty as the inherent requirement and necessary condition for stability and far-reaching, and always insist on all cooperation running in the sun. All parties work together to improve the construction of anti-corruption legal system and mechanism, deepen the docking of anti-corruption laws and regulations, pragmatically promote international anti-corruption cooperation, resolutely oppose all kinds of corruption and other international criminal activities, and continue to crack down on commercial bribery, so that funds and projects can operate efficiently in a clean and honest manner, so that all cooperation can be carried out better, and the "Belt and Road" can become a clean and honest road. In April 2019, China, together with relevant countries, international organizations and representatives of business and academic circles, launched the Beijing Initiative of Clean Silk Road, calling on all parties to join hands to discuss, build and share the Clean Silk Road. China’s "going out" enterprises adhere to compliance and law-abiding operations, not only abide by the laws of China, but also abide by the local laws and international rules of the host country, enhance the ability to prevent overseas integrity risks, strengthen project supervision and management and risk prevention and control, and create conscience projects, clean projects and quality projects; Central enterprises issued 868 compliance guidelines in key areas, formulated more than 5,000 job compliance duties, and formulated and improved more than 15,000 overseas management systems by central enterprises, central financial enterprises and branches. In November 2020, more than 60 Chinese enterprises deeply involved in the construction of the Belt and Road jointly launched the Belt and Road Initiative.Participate in the Corporate Integrity Compliance Initiative.

　　(3) Objectives: high standards, sustainability and benefiting people’s livelihood.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" aims at high standards, sustainability and benefiting people’s lives, and strives to achieve a higher level of cooperation, higher input efficiency, higher supply quality and higher development resilience, and promote the continuous deepening of the "Belt and Road" with high quality.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" will introduce universally supported rules and standards, promote enterprises to implement universally accepted international rules and standards in project construction, operation, procurement, bidding and other links, and promote cooperation and project construction in various fields with high standards. Advocate docking international advanced rules and standards, build a high-standard free trade zone, implement a higher level of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation policy, smooth the safe and orderly flow of people, goods, funds and data, and achieve a higher level of interconnection and deeper exchanges and cooperation. Adhere to high standards, grounding gas, benchmark the world first-class, pursue high cost performance, pilot first, and then promote, and advocate all parties involved to adopt rules and standards suitable for themselves and take a development path in line with their own national conditions. China has set up a high-standard leading organization to promote the construction of the Belt and Road, issued a series of policy documents, and promoted the continuous improvement of the top-level design of the "Belt and Road" and the continuous implementation of pragmatic measures.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" is in line with the UN’s sustainable development agenda in 2030, taking the road of coordinated economic, social and environmental development, striving to eliminate the root causes and obstacles that restrict development, enhancing the endogenous driving force for building a country’s independent development, promoting countries to achieve lasting, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, and integrating the concept of sustainable development into project selection, implementation and management. Follow international practices and the principle of debt sustainability, constantly improve the long-term, stable, sustainable and risk-controllable investment and financing system, actively innovate investment and financing modes, broaden investment and financing channels, and form a stable, transparent and high-quality fund guarantee system to ensure commercial and financial sustainability. No country has fallen into a debt crisis because of its participation in building the "Belt and Road" cooperation.

　　Building the "Belt and Road" will adhere to the people-centered principle, focusing on eliminating poverty, increasing employment and improving people’s livelihood, so that the fruits of cooperation can better benefit all people. All parties should deepen cooperation in the fields of public health, poverty alleviation, green development, science and technology education, culture and art, health and health, promote the cooperation of political parties, social organizations, think tanks, youth, women and local governments, and strive to create grounded and popular livelihood projects, so as to continuously enhance people’s sense of acquisition and happiness. China actively promotes foreign aid and the construction of "small but beautiful" projects that benefit people’s livelihood, with footprints from Asia to Africa, from Latin America to the South Pacific, roads and railways, schools and hospitals, and farmland and cottages, helping to jointly build the country to reduce poverty and improve people’s well-being.

　　(D) Vision: a happy road to benefit the world

　　As a development initiative, a cooperative initiative and an open initiative, building the "Belt and Road" pursues development, advocates win-win and conveys hope, with the aim of enhancing understanding and trust, strengthening all-round exchanges, and then promoting common development and achieving common prosperity.

　　The road to peace. Peace is the premise of development, and development is the foundation of peace. Building the "Belt and Road" goes beyond the jungle law and hegemonic order based on strength competition, abandons the zero-sum logic of "you lose and I win", jumps out of the cold war mentality of ideological opposition and geopolitical game, takes the road of peaceful development, and is committed to fundamentally solving the problems of permanent peace and universal security. Countries respect each other’s sovereignty, dignity and territorial integrity, their development paths and social systems, and their core interests and major concerns. As an initiator, China actively promotes the construction of new international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, win-win cooperation, creates a partnership of dialogue and non-confrontation, partnership and non-alignment, promotes all parties to establish a new security concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable, creates a security pattern of joint construction and sharing, and builds a peaceful and stable development environment.

　　The road to prosperity. Building the "Belt and Road" will not follow the old colonialist road of exploitation and plunder, do not buy and sell by force over others, do not engage in a "center-edge" attachment system, and do not pass on problems, beggar-thy-neighbor and harm others. The goal is to achieve mutual benefit and common development and prosperity. All parties firmly grasp the greatest common denominator of development, give full play to their respective advantages in resources and potential, stimulate their own growth momentum, enhance their independent development capabilities, jointly create more development opportunities and space, promote the formation of a new center and new kinetic energy for world economic growth, drive the world economy to achieve new inclusive growth, and push global development to a new stage of balance, coordination and tolerance.

　　The road to openness. Building the "Belt and Road" is an open and inclusive cooperation process that transcends national boundaries, ideological differences, differences in development stages, differences in social systems, and disputes over geographical interests; Instead of starting a new stove and reinventing it, it is a useful supplement and improvement to the existing international mechanism. All parties adhere to the core values and basic principles of the multilateral trading system, jointly build an open cooperation platform, maintain and develop an open world economy, create an environment conducive to open development, build a fair, reasonable and transparent system of international economic and trade investment rules, promote the common opening of win-win cooperation, cooperation and co-governance, promote the orderly flow of production factors, efficient allocation of resources, deep market integration, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, maintain the stability and smoothness of the global industrial chain supply chain, and build an open and inclusive.

　　The road to innovation. Innovation is an important force to promote development. Co-constructing the "Belt and Road" adheres to innovation-driven development, grasps the opportunities of digital, networked and intelligent development, explores new formats, new technologies and new models, and explores new growth momentum and development paths to help all parties achieve leap-forward development. All parties will work together to strengthen the interconnection of digital infrastructure, promote the construction of the digital Silk Road, strengthen innovation cooperation in the frontier fields of science and technology, promote the deep integration of science and technology with industry, science and technology with finance, optimize the innovation environment, gather innovative resources, promote the formation of regional collaborative innovation pattern, narrow the digital divide, and inject strong impetus into common development.

　　The road to civilization. Building the "Belt and Road" will adhere to the concept of civilization of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and tolerance, promote the common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom of all mankind, transcend the gap between civilizations through civilized exchange, transcend the conflict of civilizations through mutual learning, transcend the superiority of civilizations through the coexistence of civilizations, and promote harmony among civilizations, seeking common ground while reserving differences and learning from each other. All parties actively establish a multi-level humanities cooperation mechanism, build more cooperation platforms, open up more cooperation channels, close exchanges in various fields, promote mutual understanding, mutual respect and mutual trust among different countries, better unite ideas and value consensus, and realize the innovative development of human civilization.

　　Third, promote all-round and multi-field interconnection

　　Building the "Belt and Road" revolves around interconnection, with the "hard connectivity" of infrastructure as the important direction, the "soft connectivity" of rules and standards as the important support, and the "heart connectivity" of the people as the important foundation. It has continuously deepened policy communication, facility connectivity, smooth trade, financial intermediation and popular support, and continuously expanded cooperation areas, and has become the widest and largest international cooperation platform in the world today.

　　(A) extensive and in-depth policy communication

　　Policy communication is an important guarantee for building the "Belt and Road". China has actively established a multi-level policy communication and exchange mechanism with co-established countries and international organizations, exerted policy synergy in development strategic planning, technical and economic policies, management rules and standards, and jointly formulated plans and measures to promote regional cooperation, which has injected "lubricant" and "catalyst" into deepening pragmatic cooperation. Building the "Belt and Road" has increasingly become an important framework for exchanges and cooperation among countries.

　　Strategic docking and policy coordination continued to deepen. At the global level, in November 2016, at the 71st UN General Assembly, 193 Member States unanimously agreed to write the Belt and Road Initiative into the UN General Assembly resolution; In March 2017, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2344, calling for strengthening regional economic cooperation through the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. The United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization have successively signed the "Belt and Road" cooperation agreement with China. At the World Trade Organization, China promoted the completion of the negotiation of the Investment Facilitation Agreement, and will establish a coordinated and unified investment management system in more than 110 countries and regions to promote the "Belt and Road" investment cooperation. At the regional and multilateral levels, the "Belt and Road Initiative" will be effectively linked with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan 2025, the Indo-Pacific Outlook of ASEAN, the African Union’s Agenda 2063, and the European Union’s Eurasian Interconnection Strategy, so as to support the process of regional integration and global development. At the bilateral level, the Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union in Russia, the new economic policy of "Bright Road" in Kazakhstan, the strategy of "Reviving the Silk Road" in Turkmenistan, and the "Grassland Road" in Mongolia are jointly established.Initiative, Indonesia’s concept of "global ocean fulcrum", Philippines’ plan of "building more buildings", Vietnam’s "two corridors and one circle", South Africa’s "economic reconstruction and recovery plan", Egypt’s Suez Canal corridor development plan, Saudi Arabia’s "Vision 2030" and other multinational strategies have been docked. By the end of June 2023, China had signed more than 200 cooperation documents with more than 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations on five continents to jointly build the Belt and Road, forming a large number of landmark projects and "small but beautiful" projects that benefit people’s livelihood.

　　A long-term mechanism for policy communication has basically taken shape. Guided by the diplomacy of the head of state, supported by the strategic communication between governments, assisted by the policy coordination between local governments and departments, and carried out project cooperation by enterprises and social organizations, we have established a multi-level, multi-platform and multi-agent regular communication channel. China successfully hosted two "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation summit forums, which provided an important platform for participating countries and international organizations to deepen exchanges, enhance mutual trust and close contacts. In 2017, the first "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum was attended by heads of state and government of 29 countries, and more than 1,600 representatives from more than 140 countries and more than 80 international organizations attended, forming 279 pragmatic achievements in five categories. In the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum in 2019, heads of state and government of 38 countries and 40 leaders including the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the President of the International Monetary Fund attended the round-table summit, and more than 6,000 representatives from more than 150 countries and 92 international organizations attended the meeting, forming 6 categories and 283 pragmatic achievements.

　　Multilateral cooperation has continued to advance. Under the framework of jointly building the "Belt and Road", Chinese and foreign partners initiated the establishment of more than 20 multilateral dialogue and cooperation mechanisms in professional fields, covering railways, ports, energy, finance, taxation, environmental protection, disaster reduction, think tanks, media and other fields, and the number of participating members continued to increase. The co-construction of the country also relies on major multilateral cooperation mechanisms such as China-ASEAN (10+1) Cooperation, China-Africa Cooperation Forum, China-Arab Cooperation Forum, China-Latin America Forum, China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development Cooperation Forum, China-Central and Eastern European Countries Cooperation, World Economic Forum, Boao Forum for Asia, and the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Summit with World Political Party Leaders to continuously deepen pragmatic cooperation.

　　The docking of rules and standards has been solidly promoted. The level of standardization cooperation has been continuously improved. By the end of June, 2023, China had signed 107 standardization cooperation documents with 65 national standardization institutions including Pakistan, Russia, Greece, Ethiopia and Costa Rica, as well as international and regional organizations, which promoted international cooperation in standards in civil aviation, climate change, agricultural food, building materials, electric vehicles, oil and gas pipelines, logistics, small hydropower, ocean and surveying and mapping. The "Belt and Road" standard information platform runs well, and the standardized profile information has covered 149 co-built countries, which can provide accurate retrieval services for standardized bibliographic information of 59 countries and 6 international and regional standardization organizations, and set up a bridge for standard interconnection among co-built countries. The supply capacity of foreign language versions of standards in China has been continuously improved, with nearly 1,400 foreign language versions of national standards and more than 1,000 foreign language versions of industry standards released. In May 2022, AALCO established a regional arbitration center in Hong Kong, actively providing multiple dispute resolution paths for the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. China has continuously strengthened cross-border accounting and auditing supervision cooperation with 22 countries and regions, providing institutional guarantee for expanding cross-border investment and financing channels.

　　(2) The connectivity of facilities has begun to take shape.

　　Facilities connectivity is a priority area for building the "Belt and Road". Building the "Belt and Road" with "six corridors, six roads, many countries and many ports" as the basic framework, accelerating the construction of multi-level and composite infrastructure networks, basically forming a four-in-one interconnection pattern of "land, sea and skynet", laying a solid foundation for promoting economic and trade cooperation and capacity, and strengthening cultural exchanges and personnel exchanges.

　　The construction of economic corridors and international passages has been fruitful. Build a country to jointly promote the construction of international backbone channels and build an infrastructure network connecting Asian subregions and between Asia, Europe and Africa. In the direction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, key projects have been steadily promoted. The Peshawar-Karachi Expressway (Sukur-Multan section), the karakoram highway Phase II (KhVelijan-Takot section) and the Lahore rail transit orange line project have been completed and opened to traffic. The power stations in SasChivard, Kassem Port, Tal and Hubu have maintained safe and stable operation, the Mera DC transmission project has been put into commercial operation, the carlot Hydropower Station has been connected to the grid for power generation, and the Lashkai Special Economic Zone has entered the stage of comprehensive construction. In the direction of the new Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor, the Belgrade-Novi Sad section of the Hungarian-Serbian Railway was opened in March 2022, and the track laying work was started in the Budapest-Klebio section of Hungary; The first anniversary of the opening of the Peleshac cross-sea bridge in Croatia; Shuangxi highway runs through the whole line; The North-South Expressway in Montenegro was successfully completed and put into operation. In the direction of China-Indo-China Peninsula Economic Corridor, the whole line of China-Laos Railway has been completed and opened to traffic, and its operation has achieved good results, and the role of gold transportation channel has become increasingly prominent; As the flagship project of "One Belt, One Road" jointly built by China and Indonesia, Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour was opened for operation; The first phase of China-Thailand Railway (Bangkok-Nakhon Ratchasima) signed an online engineering contract, and 11 sections of civil works have been started (one of which has been completed). In the direction of China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, China-Russia Heihe Highway Bridge and Tongjiang Railway Bridge were opened to traffic.The East China-Russia natural gas pipeline was officially ventilated, and the feasibility study on upgrading and development of the China-Mongolia-Russia Middle Line Railway was officially launched. In the direction of China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor, the China-Kyrgyzstan-Urumqi highway transportation line has achieved normal operation, the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline has operated stably, and the special grain and oil line in North Kazakhstan and Central Europe trains have been connected to the grid. In the direction of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, the China-Myanmar crude oil and natural gas pipeline was completed and put into operation, the feasibility study of the China-Myanmar railway Muse-Mandalay railway was completed, the feasibility study of the Mandalay-Kyaukphyu railway was started, and the construction of the China-Bangladesh Friendship Bridge and the Doha-Zhali-Cox’s bazar railway made positive progress. In Africa, the Inner Mongolia Railway and the Yaji Railway have been opened to traffic successively, which has become an important channel to promote the in-depth development of East Africa and even the whole African country.

　　The level of maritime interconnection has been continuously improved. The cooperation in building national ports has been deepened, and the efficiency of cargo transportation has been greatly improved: the annual cargo throughput of Piraeus Port in Greece has increased to more than 5 million TEUs, making it the fourth largest container port in Europe and the leading container port in the Mediterranean; Great progress has been made in the joint construction of Gwadar Port in Pakistan, and it is steadily moving towards the goal of logistics hub and industrial base; The Kyaukphyu deepwater port project in Myanmar is carrying out preliminary work such as geological exploration and environmental assessment; The annual throughput of bulk cargo in Hambantota Port of Sri Lanka increased to 1.205 million tons; Italy’s Wado container terminal opened for operation, becoming the first semi-automatic terminal in Italy; The Laiji deepwater port project in Nigeria was completed and put into operation, becoming an important modern deepwater port in Central and West Africa. The "Silk Road Shipping" network continues to expand. By the end of June 2023, the "Silk Road Shipping" route has reached 117 ports in 43 countries around the world, and more than 300 well-known shipping companies, port enterprises and think tanks at home and abroad have joined the "Silk Road Shipping" alliance. The "Maritime Silk Road Marine Environment Forecast and Guarantee System" continues to operate professionally, covering more than 100 cities in the country.

　　The construction of the "Aerial Silk Road" has achieved remarkable results. The inter-country air route network has been expanded rapidly, and the level of air connectivity has been steadily improved. China has signed bilateral air transport agreements with 104 co-construction countries, achieved direct air flights with 57 co-construction countries, and continuously improved the level of cross-border transport facilitation. China enterprises have actively participated in the cooperation in building national civil aviation infrastructure in Pakistan, Nepal, Togo and other countries, helping the development of local civil aviation. China civil aviation "One Belt, One Road" cooperation platform was formally established in August 2020, and the national civil aviation exchange and cooperation mechanism and platform are more perfect. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the "Aerial Silk Road", represented by Zhengzhou-Luxemburg, kept flying and sailing, transporting a large number of anti-epidemic materials, which played the role of "air lifeline" between China and Europe and made positive contributions to maintaining the stability of the international industrial chain supply chain.

　　The international multimodal transport corridor continued to expand. International multimodal transport such as China-Europe train, China-Europe land and sea express line, new land and sea passage in the west, Lianyungang-Horgos new Asia-Europe land and sea transport has developed steadily. China-Europe trains reach more than 200 cities in 25 European countries, 86 running lines with a speed of 120 kilometers per hour pass through the main areas in the hinterland of Asia and Europe, and the logistics distribution network covers Eurasia; By the end of June 2023, China-Europe trains had operated a total of 74,000 trains, transported nearly 7 million TEUs, and had more than 50,000 kinds of goods, involving 53 categories, including complete automobiles, mechanical equipment and electronic products, with a total value exceeding 300 billion US dollars. From scratch, the China-Europe land and sea express line has become the third trade channel between China and Europe, besides the traditional sea route and the land-based China-Europe trains. In 2022, the total container volume of the whole channel exceeded 180,000 TEUs, and more than 2,600 trains operated. The new land-sea corridor in the west covers 18 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in central and western China, and the goods flow to more than 300 ports in more than 100 countries.

　　(3) Smooth, convenient and efficient trade.

　　Trade and investment cooperation is an important part of building the "Belt and Road". Build a country to solve the problem of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, greatly eliminate trade and investment barriers, improve the business environment in the region and countries, build a free trade zone, broaden the trade field, optimize the trade structure, expand the fields of mutual investment and industrial cooperation, promote the establishment of a more balanced, equal and sustainable trade system, develop mutually beneficial and win-win economic and trade relations, and jointly make a "cake" of cooperation.

　　The scale of trade and investment has steadily expanded. From 2013 to 2022, the total import and export volume of China and the co-construction countries totaled 19.1 trillion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 6.4%; Two-way investment with the co-construction countries totaled more than 380 billion US dollars, of which China’s foreign direct investment exceeded 240 billion US dollars; The newly signed contract value and the completed turnover of the national contracted projects jointly built in China have reached 2 trillion US dollars and 1.3 trillion US dollars respectively. In 2022, the total import and export volume of China and the co-construction countries was nearly 2.9 trillion US dollars, accounting for 45.4% of the total foreign trade value of China in the same period, an increase of 6.2 percentage points over 2013; The total import and export of private enterprises in China to the co-construction countries exceeded US$ 1.5 trillion, accounting for 53.7% of the total import and export of China and the co-construction countries in the same period.

　　The level of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation has been continuously improved. Build a country to jointly safeguard multilateralism and free trade, strive to create a good institutional environment for close economic and trade relations between them, and make positive progress in the docking of working systems, the coordination of technical standards, the mutual recognition of inspection results, and the networking of electronic certificates. By the end of August 2023, more than 80 countries and international organizations had participated in the Belt and Road Initiative for Smooth Trade Cooperation initiated by China. China has signed 21 free trade agreements with 28 countries and regions; The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) came into effect on January 1, 2022. It is a free trade zone with the largest population and economic and trade scale in the world. It overlaps and complements the countries and regions covered by the "Belt and Road" initiative, covering areas and contents, and forms a new pattern of economic and trade cooperation and development in Asia. China has also actively promoted its accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). China has signed bilateral investment agreements with 135 countries and regions; Signed double taxation avoidance agreements (including arrangements and agreements) with 112 countries and regions; Realize mutual recognition of "AEO" with 35 co-construction countries; Signed third-party market cooperation documents with 14 countries. China and Singapore, Pakistan, Mongolia, Iran and other countries have established ".The cooperation mechanism of "single window" and the signing of customs inspection and quarantine cooperation documents have effectively improved the efficiency of customs clearance.

　　The role of trade and investment platform is more prominent. China International Import Expo is the world’s first national-level exhibition with the theme of import. It has been successfully held for five consecutive times, with a cumulative intentional turnover of nearly 350 billion US dollars, and about 2,000 first-time exhibition products are unveiled. The participating countries and participants are diverse and extensive, and it has become an international public platform for international procurement, investment promotion, humanities exchange, open cooperation and global sharing. China Import and Export Fair, China International Fair for Trade in Services, China International Fair for Investment and Trade, China International Consumer Goods Fair, Global Digital Trade Fair, China-Africa Economic and Trade Fair, China-Arab Countries Fair, China-Russia Fair, China-Central and Eastern European Countries Fair, China-ASEAN Fair, China-Asia-Europe Fair and other key exhibitions have been expanding, which has effectively promoted economic, trade and investment cooperation between countries jointly built. The China Special Administrative Region successfully hosted the 8th Belt and Road Summit Forum, and the China Special Administrative Region successfully hosted the 14th International Infrastructure Investment and Construction Summit Forum, which played an important role in helping to jointly build the Belt and Road Economic, Trade and Investment Cooperation.

　　Industrial cooperation has been further promoted. Co-construction of the country is committed to creating a cooperative pattern of coordinated development and mutual benefit, which has effectively promoted the upgrading of industrial structure and the optimal layout of industrial chains in various countries. Build a country to jointly promote international capacity cooperation, deepen cooperation in traditional industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, automobiles, construction machinery, resources and energy, agriculture, explore cooperation in emerging industries such as digital economy, new energy vehicles, nuclear energy and nuclear technology, and 5G, and carry out tripartite and multi-party market cooperation with willing countries to promote complementary advantages and mutual benefit. By the end of June, 2023, China had signed capacity cooperation documents with more than 40 countries, and the China International Mining Congress and the China-ASEAN Mining Cooperation Forum had become important platforms for jointly building countries to carry out mining capacity cooperation. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Agricultural Technology Exchange Training Demonstration Base helps to build the "Belt and Road" agricultural science and technology development and promote economic and trade cooperation in the agricultural field between countries. Two "Hualong No.1" nuclear power units in Karachi Nuclear Power Station K2 and K3 jointly built by China and Pakistan have been completed and put into operation, and the Uribin nuclear fuel assembly plant jointly invested by China and Kazakhstan has been successfully put into operation. The China-ASEAN Forum on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Technology has established a bridge and link for building a country to carry out nuclear technology industry cooperation and help people’s livelihood and economic development. There are more than 70 overseas industrial parks jointly built by China enterprises, governments and enterprises, such as China-Malaysia, China-Indonesia "Double Parks", China-Belarus Industrial Park and China-Arab (United Emirates).Capacity Cooperation Demonstration Park, China-Egypt (and) TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone have been steadily promoted.

　　(D) increasingly diversified financing.

　　Financing is an important support for building the "Belt and Road". Build a country and relevant institutions to actively carry out various forms of financial cooperation, innovate investment and financing modes, broaden investment and financing channels, enrich investment and financing subjects, improve investment and financing mechanisms, vigorously promote policy finance, development finance, commercial finance and cooperative finance to support the construction of the "Belt and Road", and strive to build a long-term, stable, sustainable and risk-controllable investment and financing system.

　　The financial cooperation mechanism is becoming increasingly sound. China National Development Bank promoted the establishment of multilateral financial cooperation mechanisms such as China-Central and Eastern Europe UnionPay, China-Arab countries UnionPay, China-ASEAN UnionPay, China-Japan-Korea-ASEAN UnionPay, China-Africa Financial Cooperation UnionPay and China-Latin America Development Financial Cooperation Mechanism, and China Industrial and Commercial Bank promoted the establishment of the "One Belt, One Road" inter-bank normalization cooperation mechanism. By the end of June, 2023, 13 Chinese banks had set up 145 tier-one institutions in 50 co-construction countries, 17.7 million merchants in 131 co-construction countries opened UnionPay card business, and 74 co-construction countries opened UnionPay mobile payment service. The Belt and Road Innovation and Development Center, the Belt and Road Financial Development Research Center, and the China-International Monetary Fund Joint Capacity Building Center have been established one after another. China has signed bilateral currency swap agreements with 20 co-construction countries, and established RMB clearing arrangements in 17 co-construction countries. The number of participants, business volume and influence of RMB cross-border payment system have gradually increased, effectively promoting trade and investment facilitation. Cooperation and exchanges in financial supervision have continued to advance. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (now the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau), China Securities Regulatory Commission signed memorandums of understanding on supervision cooperation with regulators from many overseas countries, which promoted the establishment of a regional supervision coordination mechanism, promoted the efficient allocation of funds, strengthened risk management and control, and created favorable investment conditions for various financial institutions and investors.

　　The investment and financing channel platform has been continuously expanded. China invested in the Silk Road Fund and established the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank with relevant countries. The Silk Road Fund specializes in the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. By the end of June 2023, the Silk Road Fund had signed a total of 75 investment projects with a promised investment of about 22.04 billion US dollars. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has 106 members, and approved 227 investment projects with a total investment of 43.6 billion US dollars. The projects involve transportation, energy, public health and other fields, providing investment and financing support for jointly building national infrastructure connectivity and sustainable economic and social development. China actively participated in various existing financing arrangements, signed memorandums of cooperation with international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, jointly established a multilateral development and financing cooperation center with international financial institutions, strengthened investment and financing cooperation in third-party markets with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and carried out joint financing with the International Finance Corporation and the African Development Bank, effectively inciting market capital participation. China initiated the establishment of China-Eurasia Economic Cooperation Fund, China-Latin America Cooperation Fund, China-Central and Eastern Europe Investment Cooperation Fund, China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund, China-Latin America Capacity Cooperation Fund, China-Africa Capacity Cooperation Fund and other international economic cooperation funds, effectively expanding the channels for joint investment and financing. China National Development Bank and The Export-Import Bank of China respectively set up special loans for the Belt and Road Initiative to pool resources and increase financial support for the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.By the end of 2022, China National Development Bank has directly provided high-quality financial services for more than 1,300 Belt and Road projects, effectively playing the leading role of development finance and bringing together various domestic and foreign funds to jointly build the Belt and Road; The balance of The Export-Import Bank of China’s "Belt and Road" loans reached 2.2 trillion yuan, covering more than 130 co-construction countries. The loan projects have accumulated more than 400 billion US dollars of investment, driving trade to more than 2 trillion US dollars. China Xinbao gives full play to the policy function of export credit insurance and actively provides comprehensive guarantee for the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　Investment and financing methods continue to innovate. Various innovative models such as funds and bonds have been continuously developed, and the level of financial cooperation in building the "Belt and Road" has been continuously improved. China securities industry has set up a number of "One Belt, One Road" theme funds and established the "One Belt, One Road" theme index. In December 2015, the China Securities Regulatory Commission officially launched a pilot program for overseas institutions to issue RMB bonds ("panda bonds") in the exchange market. By the end of June 2023, the exchange bond market had issued a total of 99 "panda bonds", with a cumulative issuance scale of 152.54 billion yuan; A total of 46 "Belt and Road" bonds were issued, with a cumulative issuance scale of 52.72 billion yuan. Green finance has developed steadily. In May 2019, China Industrial and Commercial Bank issued the first "Belt and Road" inter-bank normalization cooperation mechanism (BRBR) green bond that met both the international green bond standards and the China green bond standards; By the end of 2022, more than 40 large global institutions have signed the "Belt and Road" Green Investment Principles; In June 2023, The Export-Import Bank of China issued the theme financial bonds to promote the international cooperation and support the infrastructure construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.China’s stock and futures exchanges have steadily promoted pragmatic cooperation with jointly established state exchanges in terms of equity, products and technology, and actively supported the market development of jointly established or joint-stock exchanges such as Astana International Exchange, Pakistan Stock Exchange and Dhaka Stock Exchange.

　　Debt sustainability is constantly increasing. In accordance with the principles of equal participation, benefit sharing and risk sharing, China and 28 countries jointly approved the Guiding Principles for Belt and Road Financing, promoting the joint construction of national governments, financial institutions and enterprises to attach importance to debt sustainability and enhance their debt management capabilities. China draws lessons from the debt sustainability analysis framework of low-income countries of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and combines the actual situation of building a country to develop a debt sustainability analysis tool, and issues the "Belt and Road Debt Sustainability Analysis Framework" to encourage all parties to use it on a voluntary basis. China adheres to the guidance of economic and social benefits, and provides loans for project construction according to the needs and actual conditions of the host country to avoid causing debt risks and financial burdens to the host country; The key areas of investment are interconnection infrastructure projects and people’s livelihood projects urgently needed by the country, which have brought effective investment, increased high-quality assets and enhanced development momentum. Many think tank experts and international institutions have pointed out that almost all the "Belt and Road" projects are initiated by the host country for its own economic development and improvement of people’s livelihood, and they follow economic logic rather than geopolitical logic.

　　(5) The people’s hearts have a solid foundation.

　　The common feelings of the people are the social foundation for building the "Belt and Road". We will jointly build a national heritage and carry forward the spirit of friendly cooperation on the Silk Road, extensively carry out cultural tourism cooperation, educational exchanges, cooperation between media and think tanks, and people-to-people exchanges, and promote mutual learning and cultural integration and innovation, forming a pattern of people-to-people exchanges with multiple interactions and flowers, and consolidating the public opinion base for building the "Belt and Road".

　　Cultural tourism cooperation is rich and colorful. By the end of June 2023, China had signed cooperation documents in the fields of culture and tourism with 144 co-construction countries. China and the co-construction countries jointly established a cooperation platform, and established the Silk Road International Theatre Alliance, Museum Alliance, Art Festival Alliance, Library Alliance and Art Gallery Alliance, with 562 member units, including 326 cultural institutions in 72 co-construction countries. China has continuously deepened cultural exchanges with foreign countries, initiated the implementation of the "Cultural Silk Road" plan, and extensively launched the "Happy Spring Festival" "Hello! China "and" Yihui Silk Road "and other key brand activities. China and Brunei, Cambodia, Greece, Italy, Malaysia, Russia and ASEAN jointly held the Year of Culture and the Year of Tourism, and jointly organized cultural relics exhibitions, film festivals, art festivals, book exhibitions, music festivals and other activities, as well as the creation, translation and broadcasting of excellent books, radio, film and television, and implemented the "Belt and Road" theme stage art works creation and promotion project, the "Belt and Road" international art project and the cultural neighborhood project to solidly promote the protection of Asian cultural heritage. China has established 46 overseas China cultural centers in 44 countries, including 32 countries. Set up 20 tourism offices in 18 countries, including 8 countries.

　　Educational exchanges and cooperation are extensive and in-depth. China issued the "Education Action to Promote the Joint Construction of the Belt and Road" to promote international exchanges and cooperation in the field of education. By the end of June, 2023, China had signed mutual recognition agreements on higher education academic degrees with 45 countries and regions. China has established the Silk Road China Government Scholarship, and local provinces in China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, universities and scientific research institutions have also set up scholarships for the co-construction countries. China colleges and universities have 313 Confucius Institutes and 315 Confucius Classrooms in 132 countries. The "Chinese Bridge" summer camp project has invited nearly 50,000 young people from more than 100 co-built countries to visit China, supporting 100,000 Chinese lovers from 143 co-built countries to learn Chinese online and experience China culture. China colleges and universities have cooperated with more than 20 national colleges and universities in three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe to build a number of Luban workshops. China and UNESCO have held the "Belt and Road" Youth Creativity and Heritage Forum and related activities for seven consecutive years; Jointly set up the Silk Road Young Scholars Funding Scheme, and has funded 24 young scholars’ research projects. The Atomic Energy Scholarship Program of the China Municipal Government has trained nearly 200 master’s and doctor’s students majoring in the peaceful use of nuclear energy for 26 co-construction countries. Building a country together also gives full play to the "One Belt, One Road" strategic alliance of universities, "The Belt and Road International Alliance of Scientific Organizations and other demonstrations will play a leading role in deepening international exchanges and cooperation in personnel training and scientific research.

　　The cooperation between media and think tanks is fruitful. International media exchanges and cooperation have been steadily advanced, and the country has successfully held six consecutive "Belt and Road" media cooperation forums to build a "Silk Road TV International Cooperation Community". China-Arab countries radio and television cooperation forum, China-Africa media cooperation forum, China-Cambodian regular radio and television cooperation conference, China-ASEAN media cooperation forum, Lan Mei audio-visual week and other bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms have been carried out, and the activities of international organizations such as the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union and the Arab countries Broadcasting Union have become vivid and colorful, which has become an important platform for building national consensus. China and the national media jointly established the "One Belt, One Road" news cooperation alliance, and actively promoted the selection of the "Silk Road Award" for international communication. By the end of June 2023, the number of members of the alliance had increased to 233 media in 107 countries. Think tank exchanges are more frequent. The Advisory Committee of the "Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit Forum was established in 2018. The "Belt and Road" think tank cooperation alliance has developed 122 partners in Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America, and 16 Chinese and foreign think tanks jointly initiated the establishment of the "Belt and Road" International Think Tank Cooperation Committee.

　　Non-governmental exchanges continue to deepen. Non-governmental organizations aim at benefiting the people, benefiting the people’s livelihood and connecting the people’s hearts, and constantly weave close cooperation networks. At the sub-forum of the second Belt and Road International Cooperation Summit, Chinese and foreign non-governmental organizations, such as the China Association for the Promotion of International Exchanges, jointly launched the "Silk Road Family" campaign, which promoted Chinese and foreign non-governmental organizations to establish nearly 600 pairs of partnerships and carry out more than 300 livelihood cooperation projects. Brand projects such as "Deep Love", "International Love Package" and "Bright Travel" have a wide impact. More than 60 co-founded cities have formed more than 1,000 pairs of sister cities with many cities in China. 352 non-governmental organizations from 72 countries and regions formed a non-governmental organization cooperation network along the Silk Road, and carried out more than 500 livelihood projects and various activities, which became an important platform for co-constructing national non-governmental organizations to carry out exchanges and cooperation.

　　(6) Cooperation in new areas has been steadily advanced.

　　Build a country to give full play to its respective advantages, continuously expand cooperation areas and innovate cooperation modes, promote the healthy, green, innovative and digital Silk Road construction to make positive progress, and broaden the space for international cooperation.

　　Health cooperation has achieved remarkable results. Build a country, actively promote the construction of the "Healthy Silk Road", promote the construction of a human health community, and establish a close health partnership. By the end of June, 2023, China had signed the Memorandum of Understanding on the Belt and Road cooperation in the field of health with the World Health Organization, signed health cooperation agreements with more than 160 countries and international organizations, and initiated and participated in nine international and regional health cooperation mechanisms, including China-African countries, China-Arab countries and China-ASEAN health cooperation. Relying on the "Belt and Road" medical talent training alliance, hospital cooperation alliance, health policy research network and China-ASEAN Health Silk Road talent training plan (2020-2022), China has trained tens of thousands of professionals in health management, public health and medical research to build a country, sent China medical teams to 58 countries, and carried out "Bright Walk" in more than 30 countries, treating nearly 10,000 cataract patients free of charge. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, China provided anti-epidemic assistance to more than 120 countries, sent 38 anti-epidemic expert groups to 34 countries, and initiated the Belt and Road Initiative with 31 countries.The vaccine partnership initiative has provided more than 2 billion doses of vaccines to co-established countries and cooperated with more than 20 countries in vaccine production, which has improved the accessibility and affordability of vaccines in developing countries. China signed cooperation documents on traditional medicine with 14 co-construction countries, 8 co-construction countries supported the development of traditional Chinese medicine within their own laws and regulations, 30 overseas Chinese medicine centers were put into construction, and more than 100 kinds of Chinese patent medicines were registered and listed as medicines in co-construction countries.

　　Positive progress has been made in green and low-carbon development. China has actively established green and low-carbon development cooperation mechanisms with co-construction countries and international organizations to jointly promote green development and jointly address climate change. China successively issued Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Green Belt and Road Construction and Opinions on Promoting the Green Development of the Belt and Road Construction, and put forward the grand goal of basically forming the green development pattern of the Belt and Road Construction in 2030. China signed the Memorandum of Understanding (2017-2022) on Building a Green Belt and Road with the United Nations Environment Programme, signed environmental protection cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries and international organizations, jointly launched the Belt and Road Partnership Initiative with 31 countries, established the Belt and Road International Alliance for Green Development with more than 150 partners in more than 40 countries, and established the Belt and Road International Alliance with 32 countries. China promised not to build new overseas coal-fired power projects, actively build a green financial development platform and an international cooperation mechanism, carry out cooperative research on biodiversity protection with co-construction countries, jointly safeguard the ecological security of the Maritime Silk Road, and build the "Belt and Road" eco-environmental big data service platform and the "Belt and Road".Environmental technology exchange and transfer center, implement the green silk road messenger plan. China has implemented the "Belt and Road" South-South cooperation plan to address climate change, signed 47 memorandums of understanding on South-South cooperation on climate change with 39 co-construction countries, cooperated with Laos, Cambodia and Seychelles to build a low-carbon demonstration zone, carried out more than 70 climate change mitigation and adaptation projects with more than 30 developing countries, and trained more than 3,000 environmental managers, experts and scholars from more than 120 countries. In May 2023, The Export-Import Bank of China, together with more than 10 financial institutions such as China Development Bank and China Xinbao, issued the Initiative of Green Finance Supporting the Belt and Road Energy Transformation, calling on all parties concerned to continuously increase their support for building a green and low-carbon national energy transformation field.

　　Cooperation in scientific and technological innovation was accelerated. Build a country to strengthen innovation cooperation, accelerate technology transfer and knowledge sharing, constantly optimize the innovation environment, gather innovation resources, actively carry out major scientific and technological cooperation and jointly cultivate scientific and technological innovation talents, and promote the improvement of scientific and technological innovation capabilities. In October 2016, China issued the "Special Plan for Promoting Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation in the Belt and Road Construction"; In May 2017, the "One Belt, One Road" science and technology innovation action plan was officially launched and implemented, and the innovation ability of the country was enhanced through pragmatic measures such as joint research, technology transfer, scientific and technological humanities exchanges and cooperation in science and technology parks. By the end of June, 2023, China had signed the Intergovernmental Agreement on Science and Technology Cooperation with more than 80 co-construction countries, with 58 member units of the Belt and Road International Alliance of Scientific Organizations (ANSO). Since 2013, China has supported more than 10,000 young scientists from co-construction countries to carry out short-term scientific research and exchanges in China, trained and co-constructed more than 16,000 national technical and management personnel, built nine transnational technology transfer platforms for ASEAN, South Asia, Arab countries, Africa, Latin America and other regions, helped more than 50 African countries to build more than 20 agricultural technology demonstration centers, and started the construction of more than 50 "Belt and Road" joint laboratories in agriculture, new energy, health and other fields. China and the World Intellectual Property Organization signed the "Strengthening the Belt and Road"Intellectual Property Cooperation Agreement and the Supplementary Agreement on Revision and Extension, co-hosted two high-level meetings on intellectual property rights in the Belt and Road, and issued the Joint Initiative and Joint Statement to strengthen intellectual property cooperation; Establish intellectual property cooperation relations with more than 50 countries and international organizations, and jointly create an innovative and business environment that respects the value of knowledge.

　　There are many bright spots in the construction of the "Digital Silk Road". Build a country to strengthen the connectivity of rules and standards in the digital field, promote the coordination of regional digital policies, and work together to create an open, fair, just and non-discriminatory digital development environment. By the end of 2022, China had signed memorandums of understanding with 17 countries on the Digital Silk Road, 30 countries on e-commerce cooperation and 18 countries and regions on strengthening investment cooperation in the digital economy. Put forward and promote cooperation initiatives such as Global Data Security Initiative, Belt and Road Initiative for International Cooperation in Digital Economy, China-ASEAN Initiative for Building a Digital Economy Partnership, China-Arab Initiative for Data Security Cooperation, China+Five Central Asian Countries Initiative for Data Security Cooperation, BRICS Framework for Digital Economy Partnership, and take the lead in formulating the Standard Framework for Cross-border E-commerce. Actively promote the interconnection of digital infrastructure, speed up the construction of digital transportation corridors, make positive progress in the construction of a number of international submarine optical cables, build 130 sets of cross-border land cable systems, extensively build 5G base stations, data centers, cloud computing centers, smart cities, etc., and digitally upgrade traditional infrastructure such as ports, railways, roads, energy, water conservancy, etc., "China-ASEAN Information Port" and "Digital China-Europe Train"Key projects such as the China-Arab online Silk Road have been comprehensively promoted, and the "Digital Silk Road Earth Big Data Platform" has realized multilingual data sharing. The construction of spatial information corridor has achieved remarkable results. China has built a satellite telecommunication port connecting South Asia, Africa, Europe and America. The data of China-Pakistan (West) earth resources series remote sensing satellites are widely used in many countries and fields. Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system provides comprehensive services for trains in Central Europe, ships and shipping, etc. China has jointly developed and launched communication or remote sensing satellites, built satellite ground receiving stations and other space infrastructure with many countries and regions. Relying on the United Nations Regional Center for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and the Pacific (China), it has trained a large number of space talents for the co-construction countries, and actively built the China-Joint Moon and Deep Space Exploration Center, the China-Arab Joint Space Debris Observation Center, the Lan-Mei Earth Observation Data Cooperation Center, the China-ASEAN Satellite Application Information Center and the China-Africa Satellite Remote Sensing Application Cooperation Center. Use the high-scoring satellite 16-meter data sharing service platform, the "Belt and Road" typical meteorological disaster analysis and early warning platform, and the natural resources satellite remote sensing cloud service platform to serve more countries.

　　Fourth, inject positive energy into world peace and development

　　In the past 10 years, the "Belt and Road" initiative has achieved remarkable results, opened up a new space for world economic growth, built a new platform for international trade and investment, enhanced the development capacity and people’s livelihood and well-being of relevant countries, expanded new practices for improving the global governance system, and brought more certainty and stability to a chaotic and intertwined world. Building the "Belt and Road" has not only developed China, but also benefited the world.

　　(A) to build a country to bring tangible benefits.

　　Development is the eternal theme of human society. Building the "Belt and Road" focuses on the fundamental issue of development, focusing on solving the shortcomings and bottlenecks that restrict development, creating a new engine of economic development, creating a new development environment and space for building a country, enhancing the development capacity of building a country, boosting the development confidence of building a country, improving the people’s livelihood and well-being of building a country, and contributing to solving the global development imbalance and promoting the common modernization of all countries.

　　Activate the driving force for building a country together. In the past 10 years, the "One Belt, One Road" initiative has made great efforts to solve the major bottlenecks restricting the interconnection and economic development of most developing countries, implemented a large number of infrastructure construction projects, and promoted the co-construction countries to make great progress in the infrastructure construction of railways, highways, shipping, pipelines, energy, communications and basic public services, improved local production and living conditions and development environment, and enhanced the hematopoietic function of economic development. Some engineering projects with long construction period and long-term development service, like seeds sown, are gradually showing their comprehensive benefits. The connectivity of infrastructure has effectively reduced the cost of building a country to participate in international trade, improved its ability and level of access to the world economy, and stimulated greater development potential and stronger development momentum. The research of Asian Development Bank shows that for every 10% reduction in the cost of infrastructure trade in landlocked countries, their exports will increase by 20%. Industrial capacity cooperation has promoted the upgrading of national industrial structure, improved the level of industrialization, digitalization and informatization, promoted the formation of a competitive industrial system, enhanced the breadth and depth of participation in international division of labor and cooperation, and brought more development opportunities and greater development space. China actively carried out international cooperation in the field of emergency management, and sent rescue teams to Nepal, Mozambique, Turkey and other countries to carry out humanitarian rescue operations such as earthquakes and floods, and provided emergency humanitarian material assistance and expert technical guidance to Tonga, Madagascar and other countries.

　　Enhance the ability to jointly build the country to reduce poverty. Developing countries still face food problems. China actively participated in the global food and agriculture governance, issued the Vision and Action of Jointly Promoting Agricultural Cooperation in the Belt and Road Construction with relevant countries, signed more than 100 agricultural and fishery cooperation documents with nearly 90 co-construction countries and international organizations, and the trade volume of agricultural products with co-construction countries reached 139.4 billion US dollars, sent more than 2,000 agricultural experts and technicians to more than 70 countries and regions, and promoted more than 1,500 agricultural technologies such as demonstration fungus and hybrid rice to many countries to help. Promoting employment is an important way to reduce poverty. In the process of building the "Belt and Road", China and relevant countries actively promoted the construction of industrial parks, guided enterprises to create jobs for local residents through high-level industrial cooperation, and realized "one person’s employment and the whole family’s poverty alleviation". According to the research report of McKinsey & Company, the localization rate of employees of China enterprises in Africa is 89%, which has effectively promoted the employment of the local population. The World Bank predicts that by 2030, the investment related to the "One Belt, One Road" is expected to lift 7.6 million people out of extreme poverty and 32 million people out of moderate poverty.

　　The livelihood project has achieved remarkable results. Repair and maintain the bridge to solve the problem of residents’ travel; Drilling wells to meet the drinking water needs of villagers; Install street lamps to illuminate pedestrians’ way home at night … … People’s livelihood projects and popular support projects, which are "small but beautiful" and "practical", have helped local people solve their urgent needs, improved their living conditions, enhanced the people’s livelihood and well-being of the country, and brought tangible sense of gain, happiness and security to people of all countries. Over the past 10 years, enterprises in China have successively implemented more than 300 projects of "caring for the needy", "rehabilitation for doctors" and "Happy Home" in co-construction countries, aided the headquarters of the African Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Pakistan Gwadar Pok Oi Medical Emergency Center, and helped Cameroon, Ethiopia, Djibouti and other countries solve the problem of people’s drinking water. The people’s livelihood cooperation project of "Silk Road Family" action covers more than 20 fields such as poverty alleviation and disaster relief, humanitarian relief, environmental protection, and women’s exchanges and cooperation, which has had a wide impact.

　　(B) to add vitality to economic globalization

　　Against the background of the surging trend of anti-globalization, the "One Belt, One Road" is dedicated to realizing the interconnection and coordinated development of the world, further opening up the main artery of economic globalization, smoothing the flow of information, capital, technology, products, industries and personnel, promoting international cooperation on a larger scale and at a higher level, making it bigger and better to divide the "cake" of economic globalization, and striving to build a balanced, coordinated and inclusive, win-win cooperation and win-win cooperation.

　　Enhance the momentum of global development. Building the "Belt and Road" will link the active East Asian economic circle, the developed European economic circle and the countries with great economic development potential in the hinterland, further tighten the economic cooperation network with Africa and Latin America, promote the formation of a new global development pattern in which Eurasia is completely connected with the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, and land and sea are integrated, expand the scope and coverage of international division of labor in a broader economic and geographical space, expand the world market, and finally promote the new growth of the world economy. At the same time, the co-construction of the "Belt and Road" has brought the catalytic effect of international investment through infrastructure interconnection, which has stimulated the global interest and enthusiasm for infrastructure investment, which is not only conducive to co-constructing national economic growth and gain development, but also effectively solves the problem of insufficient supply of international public goods and provides sustained impetus for world economic growth.

　　Deepen regional economic cooperation. Building the "Belt and Road" relies on infrastructure interconnection, promoting all-round and multi-field connectivity among countries, from point to line and then to the surface, gradually amplifying the radiation effect of development, promoting the coordination of economic policies and the docking of institutional mechanisms among countries, innovating cooperation modes, carrying out regional cooperation in a wider scope, at a higher level and at a deeper level, and jointly creating an open, inclusive, balanced and inclusive regional economic cooperation framework to promote the orderly and free flow of economic factors, efficient allocation of resources and deep market integration. Countries make full use of their own factor endowments to enhance the integration, interaction and coordination of industrial chains, promote the complementarity of industrial advantages, improve the efficiency of division of labor, and jointly promote the upgrading of industrial chains; Break trade barriers and market monopoly, release consumption potential, promote cross-border consumption, jointly expand market scale and form a large regional market; Through technology transfer and cooperation in industrial cooperation, we can establish technological interaction and interdependence, jointly improve innovation ability and promote leap-forward development.

　　Promote the development of global trade. Building the "Belt and Road" in a planned and step-by-step manner promotes the infrastructure construction such as transportation and information and the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, eliminates the internal, transnational and interregional transportation bottlenecks and obstacles to trade and investment cooperation, greatly enhances the convenience of foreign trade and cross-border logistics and the efficiency of domestic and international cooperation, builds an all-round, multi-level and compound trade smooth network, promotes the establishment of a new pattern of global trade, and plays an important role in promoting the development of global trade. At the same time, the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" has enhanced the attractiveness of participating countries and regions to global high-quality capital and enhanced their position in global cross-border direct investment. Among them, in 2022, the inflow of cross-border direct investment in Southeast Asia accounted for 17.2% of the global total, up 9 percentage points from 2013; The scale of foreign direct investment flowing into Kazakhstan increased by 83% year-on-year, the highest level in history. The World Bank’s "Belt and Road Economics: Opportunities and Risks of Transportation Corridor" research report shows that before the "Belt and Road Initiative" was put forward, the trade of the six economic corridors was less than 30% of their potential, and foreign direct investment was less than 70% of their potential; Since the implementation of the "One Belt, One Road", the global trade cost can be reduced by 1.8% only through infrastructure construction.Reduce the trade cost on the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor by 10%, and make an important contribution to global trade facilitation and economic growth; It will increase the trade of participating countries by 2.8%-9.7%, global trade by 1.7%-6.2% and global income by 0.7%-2.9%.

　　Maintain global supply chain stability. Building the "Belt and Road" is committed to building an efficient and interconnected international channel, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability and smoothness of the global supply chain. During the COVID-19 epidemic, ports and logistics companies canceled or reduced the services of ships and freight, and the global supply chain, which was dominated by shipping, was severely affected. As the fist product of "One Belt, One Road", China-Europe train has effectively improved the level of railway connectivity in Asia and Europe and the development level of multimodal transport such as sea rail, public rail and air rail, opened up a new channel for the supply chain in Asia and Europe, superimposed cooperation in projects such as "China Customs Railway" and railway express, and made important contributions to ensuring the stable operation of the global economy. A number of internationally renowned logistics associations have publicly stated that CEIBS has provided the world with a reliable logistics solution that can effectively alleviate the global supply chain tension and enhance the international logistics support capability.

　　(3) Providing new solutions for improving global governance.

　　Managing the deficit is a severe challenge facing the world. Building the "Belt and Road" adheres to true multilateralism, practices the concept of global governance, insists on dialogue without confrontation, tearing down walls without building walls, integrating without decoupling, and being inclusive without exclusivity, which provides a new paradigm for exchanges between countries and promotes the development of the global governance system in a more just and reasonable direction.

　　The concept of global governance has gained more recognition. The core concept of building the "Belt and Road", such as discussing, building and sharing, has been written into important documents of international organizations and mechanisms such as the United Nations and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. The concept of a community of human destiny is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. There are more and more bilateral communities of destiny, such as the China-Laos community of destiny and the China-Pakistan community of destiny. The construction of multilateral communities of destiny, such as the China-Africa community of destiny, the China-Latin America community of destiny, the China-ASEAN community of destiny, the China-Central Asia community of destiny, and the China-Pacific island community of destiny, has been steadily promoted, and cyberspace communities of destiny, marine communities of destiny, and human health communities have been constantly taking root. The Global Survey Report on China’s National Image released by the Institute of Contemporary China and the World in 2020 shows that building the Belt and Road Initiative is the most recognized China concept and proposition overseas, and over 70% of overseas respondents recognize the positive significance of building the Belt and Road Initiative for individual, national and global governance. Bruggaier Institute, a European think tank, released the report "Global Cognitive Trends of the Belt and Road Initiative" in April 2023, which pointed out that all countries in the world have a positive evaluation on the overall construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, especially the vast number of developing countries from Central Asia to sub-Saharan Africa have deep feelings for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　The multilateral governance mechanism is more perfect. Building the "Belt and Road" is a vivid practice of multilateralism, adhering to the principles of mutual respect and equal treatment, adhering to openness, tolerance, mutual benefit and win-win, upholding international fairness and justice, and safeguarding the development rights and interests of developing countries. Building the "Belt and Road Initiative" will resolutely safeguard the authority and status of the United Nations, focus on consolidating and strengthening the status and effectiveness of global multilateral governance platforms such as the World Trade Organization, and inject strong impetus into improving the existing multilateral governance mechanism. Building the "Belt and Road Initiative" will actively promote the construction of new multilateral governance mechanisms such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and accelerate the construction of governance mechanisms in emerging fields such as deep sea, polar regions, outer space, network and artificial intelligence with partners, enriching and expanding the connotation and practice of multilateralism. Building the "Belt and Road" has enhanced the position and role of developing countries and emerging economies in the world market system, and enhanced their voice in regional and even global economic governance. The concerns and demands of more developing countries have been included in the global agenda, which is of great significance for reforming and improving global governance.

　　Innovation and optimization of global governance rules. Building the "Belt and Road" fully takes into account the differences between the partners in terms of economic development level, factor endowment status, cultural and religious traditions, etc., does not presuppose rules and standards, and does not draw a line with ideology. Instead, it is based on the cooperation demands of all parties and the actual situation. Through full consultation and in-depth exchanges, we will jointly study and create rules for new problems in practice. Building a country to achieve strategic docking, planning docking, mechanism docking, docking and mutual recognition of projects and rules and standards not only optimizes the cooperation rules of building the "Belt and Road", but also promotes the transformation from the mobile opening of commodity elements to the rule-based opening, and also forms some rules and standards with strong universality, effectively filling the gaps in the global governance system in these fields.

　　(D) Gathering the power of civilization for the progress of human society

　　Civilization exchange and mutual learning is an important driving force to promote the progress of human civilization and the peaceful development of the world. Against the background of individual countries adhering to the thinking of "either one or the other", "black or white", concocting arguments such as "clash of civilizations" and "superiority of civilizations" and engaging in ideological confrontation, we will build the Belt and Road Initiative, adhere to the concept of civilization of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and tolerance, persist in carrying forward the common values of all mankind, and build a road of civilized exchange and mutual learning that is beautiful and beautiful, and promote the formation of the world.

　　The humanities exchange mechanism is improving day by day. People-to-people exchanges are extensive and rich in content, involving political parties, culture, art, sports, education and many other aspects. The world influence of various multi-bilateral political party exchange mechanisms, such as the Communist Party of China (CPC) Summit with World Political Party Leaders and the Communist Party of China (CPC) High-level Dialogue with World Political Parties, has been continuously enhanced, and the leading role of high-level inter-party exchanges has been fully brought into play, which has brought together consensus and strength to enhance the communication between the people. The Belt and Road think tank cooperation alliance, the Belt and Road tax collection and management capacity promotion alliance, the Belt and Road international scientific organization alliance, the Belt and Road medical personnel training alliance, the Silk Road International Theatre Alliance, the Silk Road Museum Alliance and other cooperation mechanisms have emerged in a concentrated manner, forming a multi-interactive, blooming cultural exchange pattern, which has effectively promoted mutual understanding, mutual respect and mutual appreciation among people of all countries. China, Kyrgyzstan, Iran and other countries in Central Asia and West Asia jointly initiated the establishment of the Asian Cultural Heritage Protection Alliance, established the first international cooperation mechanism in the field of Asian cultural heritage, and jointly protected the cultural heritage as a tangible carrier of civilization. The cultural heritage protection projects such as the restoration project of the ancient city of Shiva were highly praised by UNESCO.

　　Work together to create a number of high-quality brand projects and activities. The Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo, the Belt and Road Great Wall International Folk Culture and Art Festival, the Silk Road International Art Festival, the Maritime Silk Road International Art Festival, the Belt and Road Youth Story Club and the Wanli Tea Ceremony Cultural Tourism Expo have become popular brands, attracting a large number of people’s active participation. Cultural exchange projects such as Silk Road Family, Healthy Love Package, Luban Workshop, Happiness Spring, Bright Travel, Love Package, International Student Aid Program with a Firehand, Traditional Chinese Medicine Style Tour and Confucius Classroom have won wide acclaim. The continuous emergence of wonderful activities, high-quality brands and landmark projects has become an important carrier for all parties to jointly promote the communication between the people, and has enhanced the intimacy and identity of the people of all countries in building the "Belt and Road".

　　The power of youth is widely condensed. The future of building the "Belt and Road" belongs to the youth. In the past 10 years, the youth of the country have carried out extensive humanities exchanges and people’s livelihood cooperation with practical actions, which has gathered great youth strength to promote the common development of the people. The "China Youth Global Partnership Action" has received wide global response, and more than 100 national youth organizations and international organizations have established exchanges and cooperation with China. Sixteen "One Belt, One Road" youth story events were held in succession, and more than 1,500 youth representatives from all over the world actively participated. They shared their stories and experiences in promoting social development and their own growth and progress around the themes of poverty alleviation, climate change and anti-epidemic cooperation, and vividly explained how to look at the world from the perspective of appreciation, mutual learning and sharing. The "Silk Road Incubator" Youth Entrepreneurship Program and the China-Central and Eastern European Countries Youth Maker International Forum have been successfully carried out, which have become an important platform for building a national youth to deepen friendly exchanges and cooperation.

　　V. Promoting high-quality co-construction of the "Belt and Road" to achieve stability and long-term success.

　　The practice in the past 10 years has fully proved that building the "Belt and Road" conforms to the trend, wins people’s hearts, benefits people’s livelihood and benefits the world. It is the road for all countries to move towards modernization together, and it is also the road of hope for mankind to lead to a better future. It has strong resilience, vigorous vitality and broad development prospects.

　　At present, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and change, the competition among big countries is accelerating, the geopolitical situation continues to be tense, the global economic recovery is blocked and long, the cold war mentality and zero-sum mentality are emerging, unilateralism, protectionism and hegemonism are rampant, populism is on the rise, the competition brought about by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is unprecedented fierce, and the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit and governance deficit continue to increase, resulting in foreseeable and unpredictable risks around the world. Individual countries generalize the concept of "national security" and "decouple and break the chain" in the name of "removing risks", which undermines the international economic and trade order and market rules, endangers the security and stability of the international industrial chain supply chain, blocks international humanities and scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, and creates obstacles to the long-term development of mankind. In an uncertain and unstable world, countries urgently need to bridge their differences through dialogue, oppose separatism through unity, and promote development through cooperation. The significance of building the "Belt and Road" is becoming more and more obvious and the prospects are worth looking forward to.

　　In the long run, the trend of multi-polarization in the world has not changed, the general direction of economic globalization has not changed, the trend of the times of peace, development, cooperation and win-win has not changed, the desire of people of all countries to pursue a better life has not changed, the momentum of the overall rise of developing countries has not changed, and China’s position and responsibility as the largest developing country have not changed. Although the "Belt and Road Initiative" faces some difficulties and challenges, as long as all countries can jointly manage risks, meet challenges and promote cooperation from their own long-term interests and the overall interests of mankind, the future of building the "Belt and Road Initiative" is full of hope.

　　As a responsible developing country, China will continue to take the "Belt and Road Initiative" as the master plan for opening up and cooperation with foreign countries, as the top-level design of the win-win path for China and the world, open wider, wider and deeper to the outside world, steadily expand the institutional opening of rules, regulations, management and standards, build a new open economic system with a higher level, achieve high-quality development in the opening up, and provide new opportunities for the world with the new development of China. China is willing to invest more resources in global development cooperation, do its best to support and help developing countries to accelerate their development, enhance the voice of emerging market countries and developing countries in global governance, and make positive contributions to the common development of all countries in the world. China sincerely welcomes more countries and international organizations to join the "One Belt, One Road" family, and welcomes all initiatives that really help developing countries build infrastructure and promote common development, so as to jointly promote world connectivity and global sustainable development.

　　On the road of building the "Belt and Road" with high quality, every co-construction country is an equal participant, contributor and beneficiary. China is willing to work with all parties to strengthen confidence and maintain determination, continue to promote the "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation based on the principle of mutual cooperation, joint construction and sharing, consolidate the foundation of cooperation, expand cooperation areas, do excellent cooperation projects, create new opportunities for development, seek common development momentum, jointly develop new space, share new development achievements, and build closer health partnerships, interconnected partnerships, green development partnerships, and openness and tolerance.

　　Concluding remarks

　　An idea has activated the memory of civilization for more than two thousand years; An initiative has inspired the enthusiasm of more than 150 countries to realize their dreams.

　　The "One Belt, One Road" has been built for 10 years, which has brought remarkable and profound changes to the world and become a landmark event in the history of human social development.

　　As a long-term, cross-border and systematic world project and century project, the first decade of building the "Belt and Road" is just a preface. Starting from a new historical starting point, building the "Belt and Road" will be more innovative and dynamic, more open and inclusive, and open a new window of opportunity for China and the world.

　　Facing the future, there will still be some difficulties in building the "Belt and Road", but as long as all parties work together with one heart and one mind, they can constantly overcome various risks and challenges, achieve higher-quality business cooperation, joint construction and sharing, and make the "Belt and Road" more and more prosperous and broader.

　　China is willing to work with other countries to unswervingly promote the high-quality construction of the "Belt and Road", implement global development initiatives, global security initiatives and global civilization initiatives, and build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty, so that the fire of peace can be passed down from generation to generation, the driving force of development can continue, the light of civilization can shine, and a beautiful picture of the community of human destiny can be drawn together!

Many friends play billiards, which come and go: black 8, 9 balls and snooker, and some small towns and places also play poker. In fact, billiards is more than that. There are many other ways to play it. Generally, we are familiar with fancy, open and so on, but fancy games are generally high-end and difficult to control, so few people play and play it well. Today, Macey introduces the most complete billiards game and detailed rules. Interested friends can try it with 35 confidants on weekends!

Category introduction:

The classification of billiards is inconclusive. According to the equipment used (table and ball), rules and historical origins, it is divided into the following five categories:

1. Opening: There is no pocket on the table. The purpose of hitting the ball is to make the cue ball hit the cue ball or the edge of the table in various prescribed ways and times. Its playing methods include four-ball competition, three-ball competition, free ball, obstacle line and three stars.

2. Fancy billiards (also known as American billiards): The table has six pockets, and the purpose of hitting the ball is to make the ball fall into the pocket. Because of the use of colored balls (flower balls) marked with numbers, it is called "Fancy billiards". There are 14-1, 8 balls, 9 balls and 10 balls.

3. Snooker and English billiards: The table also has six pockets, and the purpose of hitting the ball is to make the ball fall into the pocket, but the rules are different. Compared with fancy billiards, its tabletop is larger, the ball and pocket are smaller, and the difficulty of scoring is higher. Snooker uses fifteen red balls, six colored balls with different colors and a white cue ball; English billiards only uses white, red and Huang San balls.

4. Russian billiards: The size of the table is similar to that of snooker, but the ball is larger and the pocket is smaller, which makes it the most difficult to score. Use fifteen white numbered cue balls and one red cue ball, and there are liberal, mixed and dynamic ways to play.

5. Bottle billiards: A number of small bottles similar in shape to bowling pins are placed in the center of the table. The purpose of hitting the ball is to knock down a sufficient number of small bottles. The more popular Italian bottle billiards use the open table without pockets, while the Danish bottle billiards use the fancy table with six pockets. According to the number of bottles used, it is divided into two ways: 5 bottles and 9 bottles.

Detailed introduction:

Fold and edit this paragraph of fancy billiards

The table used in fancy billiards has six pockets, and the purpose of impact is to make the colored balls fall into the pockets. Because of the use of colored balls (flower balls) marked with numbers, it is called "fancy billiards" There are 14-1, 8-ball, 9-ball, 10-ball, bag ball and turn ball.

Fancy billiards 14-1 is a fancy billiards game using white cue balls and 15 numbered balls. Before each stroke, you must specify the number of the ball and the pocket. If the ball hits the pocket successfully, you can score and continue to hit the ball. Otherwise, the opponent will hit the ball. Before the start, 15 sub-balls were closely arranged in the triangular frame line on one side of the table, and the center of the front sub-ball just fell on the foot point. If you don’t score at the kick-off, you must let at least two balls touch the edge of the table, otherwise it will be a foul and the points will be deducted.

When the sub-balls on the table are bagged one by one and only one ball remains, a game is completed. At this time, we must pick up the 14 sub-balls in the bag and re-arrange them in the triangular frame line. Except for the position of the front foot, the other balls are still closely arranged, forming the so-called inter-game kick-off.

14-1 Usually, the target score is agreed in advance, one point is scored when a goal is scored, and the winner is the one who reaches the target first. The goal of formal competition is usually set to 100 points, while that of professional competition is 150 points. 14-1 is popular in the United States, Europe, the Philippines, Japan and Taiwan Province, and it was a very common billiards game before the prosperity of 9-ball and 8-ball.

Fold 8 balls

At the beginning of the 8-ball game, the sub-ball is placed in the triangular frame, the bottom of the triangular frame is parallel to the foot star (the short side of the table), and the front and rear positions are subject to the ball at the front end corresponding to the foot point. When arranging the sub-balls, push the first ball forward from the back end of the ball pile, so that the sub-balls are closely connected. According to the world standard rules, the No.8 ball must be placed in the middle position, and the sub-balls in the lower left corner and the lower right corner must be a big flower and a small flower (please see the picture above). The cue ball can be placed in the tee area according to the requirements of the players.

The player who has the right to kick off the ball pile first. If the kick-off is fouled (less than four balls hit the edge of a star or no ball enters the bag), the opponent can ask to kick off again and become the kickoff, or continue the game in the current situation. If there is a pocket after the kick-off, the tee can continue to serve, and the game is still in an "open" state (meaning that the tee is free to choose whether to play big flowers or small flowers). If the tee shot doesn’t get the ball into the bag for the second time, the game is still "open" until a ball falls into the bag.

After one player fouls or fails to get the ball into the bag, he stops the shot and is replaced by the other player. The game is played in this way. After the foul, the player who goes out next has a chance to free the ball and put it anywhere on the table.

On the first shot after kick-off, if a player scores a big flower ball, he can only score a big flower ball into the bag in the future, and the other player plays a small flower ball. Once a player has bagged all his balls, he needs to put the No.8 ball into his designated bag to win eloquently. If he enters the wrong bag or fouls the shot, he loses the authority, otherwise his right to shoot ends.

After scoring all your own balls (big flowers or small flowers), if you don’t violate the rules, hitting the No.8 ball into the pocket is the winner.

Fold 9 balls

Volleyball is arranged in a diamond shape, with No.1 at the front end, No.9 in the middle, and others placed casually.

Whoever scores No.9 wins, but the cue ball must touch the ball with the smallest number first, which means you can eat slowly from No.1 to No.9, or you can indirectly score No.9, both of which are legal. If you score on the 9 th as soon as you kick off, it will be considered a victory. Incidentally, when kicking off, the cue ball must touch No.1 first.

In case of foul, the opponent has a free ball, and the opponent can put the cue ball in any position on the table. If he fouls three times in a row, he will lose the game directly.

You don’t have to pick up the foul ball, except for No.9, you should pick it up and put it on your leg.

In general, the winner usually kicks off or takes turns to kick off.

After the kick-off, there are often other sub-balls between the cue ball and the ball with the smallest number, which prevents the cue ball from hitting the target ball directly. Therefore, in order to reduce the luck factor, the first shot after a tee shot can be a push-out ("putter"), which must be declared in advance. The so-called push-out means that the cue ball can be pushed to any position without being restricted by the rule of hitting the ball with the smallest number first. You can score the ball if you want (but pick it up on the 9th). If the cue ball falls into the bag, it is considered a foul, and the opponent can choose to play or not. The general strategy is to put the cue ball in one position and touch the target ball, but it can’t be directly put into the bag. If the target ball can’t be hit after the kick-off, the players usually push out, and then the two sides enter the defensive battle.

However, in a few competitions, in order to reduce the luck factor, the rule of winning directly by kicking off on the 9 th will be cancelled, but the kick-off on the 9 th must be picked up. It is also possible to require that the mouth of the bag must be specified in advance when attacking No.9.

Fold 10 balls

10-ball is a new project developed from 9-ball, and the playing method is basically similar to 9-ball, with the main differences as follows:

1. Volleyball is arranged in a triangle, with the No.1 ball at the front end and the No.10 ball in the middle of the triangle, and the positions of other balls are not limited.

2. Before hitting the ball, you must specify the ball and the designated bag.

3. Whoever scores the 10th goal wins.

Because there is one more ball, the probability of directly scoring the 10th ball at tee time is very small, and the ball and bag must be specified first, so the difficulty is much higher than that of the 9-ball competition, which is a new project with great development potential.

Folding Chinese 8-ball

A billiards game mainly popular in China. At first, it was only popular among the people, and it was called "Chinese Eight Balls", "Black Eight" or "Sixteen Colors". Later, it was recognized by the Chinese billiards association and held an official competition. On March 15th, 2012, the Small Ball Sports Management Center of the State Sports General Administration of China was renamed as "Chinese Billiards" because of the confusion in the name of "8-ball" in China. On June 13th, 2014, China Billiards Association renamed this billiards style again and changed it to "China Pool".

Because the name of "Chinese Billiards" is too general and changes frequently, people still agree to call the sport "Chinese Eight Ball".

The title of "Chinese Eight Ball" began with the predecessor of "Qiao’s Cup" Chinese Eight-Ball International Masters Competition -2006 "Qiao’s Cup" Chinese Eight-Ball Ranking Competition.

Fold 235

235 is a game invented by Taiwan Province players themselves. Use cue ball, No.1 ball (yellow), No.3 ball (red) and No.11 ball (red) in fancy billiards.

The simple rules are as follows:

1. The cue ball must first touch a yellow ball and a red ball, which is called 2 points.

2. After that, touch two red balls, which is called 3 points.

3, finally touch all the balls (two red and one yellow), which is called 5 points.

Every time you complete a 2-3-5 cycle, you get one point, and then continue to the next cycle.

Although 235 is not a formal competition event, it is of great help to improve the fineness of cue ball, so many professional players often use 235 as a practice event.

Fold and edit this paragraph of English billiards

English Billiards is a kind of snooker with the concept of Kailun billiards. It uses a white cue ball, a yellow cue ball and a red cue ball. It is mainly popular in Britain and Southeast Asian countries. Since the Asian Games in 1998, it has also become an official event of the Games.

The scoring methods of English billiards are:

1. The cue ball collides with another cue ball and the red ball successively, regardless of the order: 2 points.

2. The cue ball hits the red ball and makes it into the bag: 3 points.

3. The cue ball collides with another cue ball and makes it into the bag: 2 points.

4. The cue ball goes into the bag itself after hitting his ball: hit the red ball for 3 points first; First billiards another cue ball or hit the red ball and another cue ball at the same time, score 2 points.

Fold and edit this paragraph of Russian billiards

Russian billiards is also a kind of snooker, which uses red cue balls and 15 white numbered balls. The ball is bigger and the pocket is smaller, which is the most difficult to score in all billiards sports families. It is mainly popular in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Finland.

There are many different ways to play Russian billiards, among which three kinds of competition systems are liberal, mixed and dynamic. No matter what kind of competition system is mentioned above, 15 numbered balls are arranged in a triangular box before the start of the competition. The kicker hits the cue ball placed on the service line, causing it to break the number ball pile.

No matter whether the batter scores the cue ball or the sub-ball, it counts as a score and can continue to hit the ball; Otherwise, the opponent will hit the ball. A game is won by the first player to score 8 goals, and a regular game is usually set to grab more than 7 games.

In the liberal competition system, the free kick can be used as the cue ball after kick-off, and the rest are the sub-balls. In the mixed and dynamic match system, red is the only cue ball, so after the red ball is put into the bag, it must be picked up and put back on the table, and a white ball on the table will be removed by the scorer. The difference between the two competition systems is that: the mixed team must put the cue ball back in the service court, and the next ball can only be scored if it enters the middle pocket and the far bottom pocket; The dynamic pie can put the cue ball back at any position on the table, but the next cue ball is not counted as a score.

Fold and edit this paragraph of Kailun billiards

Kailun is a billiards sport with no pockets on the table. There are many kinds of competitions in Kailun billiards, the common point of which is to hit the cue ball with a cue stick to make it roll on the billiard table and hit other balls in order to score points for a specific purpose. It is mainly popular in European countries and Japan and South Korea in Asia.

In the early days, there were four-ball competitions and three-ball competitions. Later, because of the invention of the "Saili" collision method, the three balls continued to concentrate in a small range and kept hitting scores, which created amazing high scores and lost the significance of the competition. In order to save Kailun billiards, various reform schemes came into being: one is to limit the number of shots in certain areas, such as free balls and various obstacle lines; The other is to require the cue ball or the cue ball to collide with the edge of the table (Cushion, transliteration of "star") to increase the difficulty, such as one star and the three most valued stars at present.

Folding free ball

Free ball is a common way of opening billiards competition, which uses one red ball, one yellow ball and one white ball. Both the white ball and the yellow ball are cue balls, and each side chooses one as its own cue ball. Slant lines are drawn at the four corners of the desktop, which form four triangle forbidden zones with the table edge.

The basic scoring method of free-kick competition is the same as other open billiards, which must hit the cue ball and hit the other two balls. However, in the same round of hitting, players can play sherry all the time on the table except the specific corner of the restricted area until they reach the specified score.

Free ball is the official event of the 1998 Asian Games and the 2002 Asian Games.

Fold three stars

The three-star competition uses a red ball, a yellow ball and a white ball. Both the white ball and the yellow ball are cue balls, and each side chooses one as its own cue ball. After hitting the ball, the cue ball must touch two balls, and before touching the second ball, the cue ball must touch the edge of the table at least three times.

For example:

The cue ball hits a daughter ball, goes around three stars, and then hits the second ball.

The cue ball goes around three stars and then hits two daughter balls.

The cue ball goes around one star, then around two stars and then hits the second ball.

The cue ball goes around two stars, then around one star and then hits the second ball.

Three Stars is a highly technical competition, and it is the official event of the 1998 Asian Games and the 2006 Asian Games.

Fold and edit this paragraph of bottle billiards

Bottle billiards is to put several small bottles in the center of the table, and the purpose of hitting the ball is to knock down a sufficient number of small bottles. The more popular Italian bottle billiards use the open table without pockets, while the Danish bottle billiards use the fancy table with six pockets. According to the number of bottles used, it is divided into two ways: 5 bottles and 9 bottles.

The most popular five-bottle competition is to use the open table without a pocket, which is a mainstream billiards sport in Italy and Argentina, and is also popular in Europe and Latin America.

Fold and edit this paragraph of snooker billiards

Snooker, also known as English billiards in Hong Kong, is also a kind of snooker, but because of its long history and unique status, it is generally classified as a separate category. The standard game table is 12 feet long and 6 feet wide. The balls used include 1 white cue ball, 15 red balls and 6 colored balls. If a red ball is hit and bagged, score 1 point, and the scores of colored balls bagged are yellow (2), green (3), brown (4), blue (5), pink (6) and black (7) in turn.

Before the start of the game, 15 red balls were closely arranged in the triangle frame line area, black balls were placed at the bottom foot point of the triangle frame line, pink balls were placed at the top foot point of the triangle frame line, blue balls were placed at the middle point, and yellow balls, brown balls and green balls were placed on the right, middle and left sides of the service line respectively. The kicker can put the white cue ball in any position in the semi-circular service area, and should hit the cue ball when kicking off, so that it will knock off the red ball pile. At the beginning, the goal-scoring sequence is one red ball first, and then one color ball. The red ball is not retrieved, but the color ball is retrieved and placed in the initial position before tee-off. When the last red ball falls into the bag and the next colored ball is played, the ball should be hit into the bag one by one in the order of yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black, and it will not be retrieved. At the end, the one with the higher score will win.

Snooker is popular in Britain, Ireland, Canada, Malaysia, Australia, India and other Commonwealth countries as well as Hongkong, and was once popular in Taiwan Province. In recent ten years, snooker has been popularized in East Asia. At present, excellent players have emerged in Thailand and China.

If the above scoring methods occur at the same time, they can be combined.

Folding table

Snooker table specifications:

1. The competition area of the inner edge of the standard table is 3569mm x 1778mm, and the error of (11ft8 1/2in x 5ft10in) shall not exceed plus or minus 13mm (plus or minus 1/2in).

2. The height of the table is 851mm to 876mm (from the floor to the edge of the table frame 2tf9 1/2 inch to 2ft101/2 inch).

3. Width of pocket mouth:

(1) There is a ball bag around the table (two are called top bags at one end of the ball placement point and two are called bottom bags at one end of the penalty area); In addition, there is a pocket in the center of the two long sides of the table (called the middle pocket).

(2) The width of the bag mouth shall conform to the specifications set by the World Professional Billiards Association and the Snooker Federation (WPBSA) (the nearest distance is 85.0mm).

4. Kick-off Line and Bottom Zone:

737mm(29in) from the inner edge of the bottom bank and drawing a straight line parallel to the bottom bank is called the tee line; The area between the tee line and the bottom bank is the bottom area.

5. Kick-off area (D area):

In area D, a semicircle with the center of the tee line as the center and the radius of 292mm(11 1/2in) is the tee area.

6. Place the ball:

(1) There are four ball placing points on the table located on the longitudinal centerline, among which:

A) Black ball point: the vertical distance from the top bank is 324mm(12 3/4in).

B) Blue ball point: the center of the table.

C) Pink ball point: the center point of the connecting line between the top bank and the blue ball point.

D) Brown ball point: the center point of the tee line.

Seen from one side of the tee area, the right intersection of the D area and the tee area is the yellow ball point; The intersection on the left is the green ball point.

Folding ball

All balls are made of high-quality materials, with a diameter of 52.5mm and a tolerance of plus or minus 0.05 mm. At the same time:

1. All balls must have the same weight, and the tolerance of each pair of balls should be within the range of plus or minus 3g.

2. Changing a ball or a pair of balls shall be agreed by both players or decided by the referee.

3. Clubs: The clubs used in the competition shall not be shorter than 914mm(3ft), and the appearance and structure of the clubs shall not be significantly different from the traditional and widely recognized forms.

4. Auxiliary equipment: When the athlete is in a position that is not conducive to transporting the pole, he can use various equipment such as frame pole, long pole, extension pole and connecting pipe. These instruments can be the original configuration of table tennis, or they can be brought by athletes or provided by referees. All instruments must be manufactured according to the design parameters provided by WPBSA.

Folding competition

Snooker matches are played by two or more people alone or on different sides. Can be summarized as follows:

1. During the competition, players hit the target ball with the same cue ball. There are 21 target balls, including: 15 red balls with one point each; Yellow ball 2 points; Green ball 3 points; Brown ball 4 points; Blue ball 5 points; Pink ball 6 points; Black ball 7 points;

2. Athletes’ standard batting sequence: alternately drop red balls and colored balls into the bag until all the red balls leave the stage, and then all the colored balls leave the stage in descending order.

3. The score of each bagged live ball within one shot is recorded in the scoring record of the batter;

4. The penalty score of a player for foul should be added to the opponent’s score record;

5. The basic tactic of snooker competition is to try to leave the cue ball where your opponent has no live ball to play. That is, to make obstacles for your opponent. If one player lags behind his opponent by many points, it becomes a very important scoring method to make obstacles and let his opponent be punished.

6. The winner of a set should be an athlete or a party:

(1) Get the highest score.

(2) The opponent of the set admits defeat, or the opponent is punished for "unconscious saving the ball" and "improper behavior".

7. The winner of a game should be an athlete or a party:

(1) Win all or necessary sets of the game.

(2) win the most total score and the corresponding cumulative score.

(3) The opponent was fined for "improper behavior" in this bureau.

8. The winner of a match wins the most games or the cumulative score corresponding to the most total score for the athlete or one side.

9, the ball placement:

(1) Before the start of the game, the main ball is the handball, and other target balls are placed as follows:

A) Fifteen red balls are placed in the red ball area in an equilateral triangle; The red ball at the top of the tripod is located at the center line of the table, and it is as close as possible to the pink ball, but it must not be attached; The bottom line of the tripod is parallel to the top bank.

B) The yellow ball is placed on the right side of Zone D, the green ball is placed on the left side of Zone D, the brown ball is placed at the midpoint of the tee line, the blue ball is placed at the center placement point, the pink ball is placed at the apex of the tripod, and the black ball is placed at the placement point.

(2) After the game starts, only the referee can wipe the ball at the reasonable request of the batter, and:

A) If the ball is not at the ball placement point, before the ball is picked up, the position of the ball shall be marked with a locator;

B) The locator used to mark the position of the wiped ball will be treated as the ball, and the score of the ball will be obtained until the ball is wiped and put back in its original position. If any player other than the batsman touches or disturbs the locator, he will be punished as a batsman, and the game order will not be affected. If necessary, the referee can also put the locator or the ball that has been wiped back to his recognized position, even if the ball has been picked up.

10. Competition mode:

Before the start of the competition, the participating parties should draw lots or agree with each other to determine the order of the competition.

(1) Once the game order is decided, the hitting order in each set shall not be changed. Unless one side commits a foul and the other side asks him to continue hitting the ball.

(2) Each set in a game shall be kicked off by the participating parties in turn.

(3) The first player should kick off the ball from his hand, when the leather head of his club touches the main ball, or:

A) Completed a stroke;

B) moving the cue ball by one position;

(4) In order to make a good shot, there must be no violation of punishment.

(5) Take the red ball (or designated free ball) as the live ball at the first stroke of each round until all the red balls leave the stage. The score of each bagged live ball within one stroke shall be recorded in the scoring record. The score of each red ball and any free ball designated as a red ball in the same stroke shall be recorded in the scoring record.

(6) If a red ball or a free ball designated as a red ball is hit into the bag, the player can continue to hit the next ball, and the next live ball should be a colored ball selected by the player. If the colored ball is hit into the bag, it can be scored. Then put the colored ball back to the ball placement point.

(7) When all the red balls leave the stage, hit the red balls and colored balls into the bag alternately in turn, so as to continue with one stroke. Until the last red ball on the table is shot down, a colored ball is also hit into the bag, and the one-shot ball can continue.

(8) After all the red balls leave the table, the colored balls on the table will become live balls in turn according to the score from small to large. After the next colored ball is put into the bag (except in special circumstances), it will stay outside the table and will not be taken out. Then, the batter hits the next colored ball.

(9) The red ball will not be put back on the table after falling into the bag or out of bounds, even if the player benefits from the foul, it will not be considered, but there are some special exceptions.

(10) If the batter doesn’t score or foul at the first stroke, his round of hitting is over. The opponent started hitting the ball from where the cue ball stopped. If the cue ball is out of bounds, the cue ball becomes the hand ball.

11, plate, bureau, the end of the field:

(1) When only the black ball is left on the table, the black ball will be bagged or fouled, unless the following two situations occur at the same time:

A) At this time, the scores of both sides are the same;

B) The score at this time will not affect the final result of the game (in the case of negative cumulative score).

(2) When the above two situations occur, then:

A) the black ball is placed on the ball placement point;

B) The player decides the batting order at coin toss;

C) The player who has the right to kick off kicks off from his hands;

D) Hit the ball into the bag or foul, which leads to the end of the set.

(3) If a game is won or lost by cumulative points, when all parties score the same at the end of the game, the black ball should be repositioned according to the above steps.

12. Kick-off from the hand:

Kick-off from one’s own hands must be placed on the line of the kick-off area (D area) or at any position within the line, and the main ball can be hit in any direction:

(1) If asked, the referee shall explain whether the cue ball is placed correctly;

(2) When placing the cue ball, the player needs to touch the cue ball with the leather head to help locate it. When the referee confirms that the batter is not trying to hit the ball once, the cue ball is not an in-game ball.

13, double click:

In the first collision of the main ball, you must not hit two balls at the same time unless they are two red balls, or a live ball and a free ball.

14. Placement of colored balls: Any colored balls that have been bagged or out of bounds should be placed at the ball placement point before the next stroke.

(1) Because the referee failed to place the colored balls correctly, the athletes are not responsible.

(2) When all the red balls have been cleared, a colored ball will be hit into the bag in increasing order. If it is wrongly set, once the error is found, the colored ball should be moved back to the correct position from the table without penalty, and the game should continue.

(3) For one or some balls that have been wrongly positioned, once they are hit, they will be treated as correctly positioned balls in the subsequent hitting process, and any colored balls that leave the table abnormally will be repositioned, and:

A) If the misplacement of colored balls is found to be caused by negligence in original placement, no penalty will be given.

B) If the batter hits the ball before the referee places it incorrectly, he shall be punished according to the regulations.

(4) When a colored ball needs to be placed and its placement point is occupied, this colored ball should be placed at the placement point where the ball can be placed with the highest score.

(5) If more than one colored ball needs to be placed and their placement points are all occupied, the colored ball with high score should be placed first.

(6) If all ball placement points are occupied, the area between the ball placement point and the top bank is occupied, and the ball can be placed at the position closest to the ball placement point on the longitudinal center line of the table.

(7) In all the above cases, when the colored ball is set, it is not allowed to stick to other balls.

(8) If you want to place a colored ball correctly, you need to place it by hand according to the placement point determined in these Rules.

15, stick the ball:

(1) If the cue ball sticks to one or more live balls, or balls that may become live balls, the referee shall announce the stick and indicate which ball or balls the cue ball sticks to.

(2) When the stick ball is recognized, the batter must hit the main ball to make it leave the stick ball, but it is not allowed to move the stick ball or cause the stick ball.

(3) Under the following circumstances, as long as the batter does not let the target ball move, it will not be punished. Namely:

A) The attached balls are live balls;

B) The ball may become a live ball and the referee declares it a live ball.

C) The ball may become a live ball, and the referee declares it as a live ball, while hitting another ball that may become a live ball.

(4) If the cue ball stops and sticks or almost sticks a non-live ball, when asked whether to stick the ball, the referee should answer "Yes" or "No". At this time, the batter must hit the cue ball and make it leave without disturbing the ball as mentioned above. But you have to hit a live ball first.

(5) The cue ball is attached to a live ball and a non-live ball at the same time. The referee only needs to point out the attached ball. If the batting player must ask the referee whether the cue ball is attached to a non-live ball, he has the right to be informed.

(6) If it is confirmed by the referee that any movement of the posted ball at the moment of hitting is not caused by the batter, the referee may not rule it a foul.

(7) When the referee observes, a static target ball is not attached to the main ball, but it is later seen to be in contact with the main ball before the stroke begins. At this time, the target ball should be re-placed in the position recognized by the referee.

16, bag mouth ball:

(1) If the ball falls into the bag without being hit or touched by other balls at the edge of the bag, and it has nothing to do with any hitting behavior in the process, the target ball should be put back in its original position, and the score already obtained should be calculated.

(2) If the bag mouth ball is hit by any ball in a stroke, the bag falls.

A) In case of no foul, all the balls should be put back to their original positions, and the stroke should be repeated, or the same batter can make another stroke at will.

B) If a foul occurs, the batter shall be punished according to the regulations, all the balls shall be put back in their original positions, and the next player may choose according to the usual foul.

(3) If a ball keeps a short balance on the edge of the bag mouth and falls into the bag, it should be counted as a normal bag and need not be put back in its original position.

17. After a foul, the cue ball becomes an obstacle ball:

After a foul, if the cue ball is blocked, the referee should declare that the opponent has won the free ball.

(1) If the player in the next round chooses the next stroke, then:

A) He can designate a free kick as a live ball.

B) Any designated ball shall be treated as a live ball, and the score of the live ball shall be obtained. Only when it is shot down, is it put back to the ball placement point.

(2) The cue ball is a foul in the following situations:

A) Not hitting the designated ball first, or hitting the designated ball and the live ball at the same time first;

B) Use the designated free ball to cause obstacles to all red balls or live balls, except when there are only pink balls and black balls left on the table.

(3) If the free ball is shot down, it needs to be taken out and put back to the ball placement point, and the score of the live ball obtained by it should be recorded.

(4) If the main ball hits the designated ball first, or hits the designated ball and the live ball at the same time, the live ball is knocked into the bag, then the score of the live ball will be recorded and the live ball will not be taken out.

(5) If the designated ball and the live ball are put into the bag at the same time, only the score of the live ball will be recorded. Unless the designated ball is a red ball, when each ball is hit into the bag, its score will be recorded. Then the free ball is put back to the placement point, and the live ball is not taken out.

(6) If the opponent requests the offending party to continue hitting the ball, the declared free kick becomes invalid.

18. Foul:

When there is a violation of the rules in the game, the referee should immediately announce the foul.

(1) If a player fouls before hitting the ball, his round will end immediately. At the same time, the referee should announce the punishment.

(2) If the batsman has hit a bat, the referee should wait until the bat is over before announcing the punishment.

(3) If a foul is committed before the next stroke, and the referee fails to make a ruling and the opponent does not raise any objection, the foul will be regarded as leniency.

(4) Any wrongly placed colored balls should be kept in place. Only after being shot down or out of bounds can it be placed correctly.

(5) Allow the fouler to get all the points before the foul.

(6) The opponent will start the next stroke where the cue ball stops. If the cue ball is out of bounds, the opponent will get the ball in his hand.

(7) If multiple fouls occur at the same time, it shall be handled according to the score with the highest penalty.

(8) If a player fouls, he will:

A) be punished according to regulations.

B) If the opponent asks, he must continue to hit the ball.

19. Punishment:

A player who commits a foul shall be punished with 4 points, unless a higher score is indicated in the following paragraphs (1) to (4), the penalty shall be:

(1) The penalty is a live ball score:

A) the club head touches the cue ball more than once when hitting the ball

B) keep your feet off the ground.

C) not hitting the ball in the order of hitting the ball

D) The cue ball was not placed in the D zone when the tee shot was made.

E) empty rod

F) the cue ball falls into the bag.

G) using free balls to make obstacle balls.

H) jump ball

I) using non-standard clubs

(2) For the following violations, the highest score of the live ball shall be fined:

A) Hit the ball before all the balls stop;

B) Hit the ball before the referee places the colored ball;

C) bagging non-live balls.

D) the main ball hits the non-live ball first.

E) push rod

F) Touching an in-game ball, except when the club head touches the main ball to complete a stroke.

G) hit the ball out of bounds

H) Double-click and be punished according to the highest score of the two balls (except for two red balls or a free ball and a live ball).

(3) The following acts shall be punished with 7 points:

A) Use a foul ball for any purpose.

B) Use any object to measure the spacing or distance.

C) Hit the red ball continuously, or hit the free ball continuously after hitting the red ball;

D) Use any ball other than the white ball as the main ball;

E) failing to point out the target ball according to the requirements of the referee.

F) After hitting the red ball and putting it into the bag, it’s a foul without specifying the colored ball.

20, continue to hit the ball:

Once the player asks his opponent to continue hitting the ball, this decision will not be changed. Players who are required to continue hitting the ball will:

(1) You can change the ball he wants to hit and the live ball he wants to hit.

(2) Get the score of the shot down ball.

21, empty foul (unconscious save the ball):

The batsman should try his best to hit the live ball. If the referee thinks that the player has failed to do his best, he will declare the player a foul on the empty shot. Unless there is only a black ball left on the table or there is a situation where it is impossible to hit a live ball. In the latter case, it must be assumed that, according to the judgment of the referee, the batter really tried to hit the live ball, so long as he hit the main ball directly or indirectly in the direction of the live ball with enough force, the main ball would reach the live ball if it were not for these blocking balls.

(1) When the empty-shot foul is declared, the next player can ask the offending party to strike again at the main ball stop, or from the original position, the offending party can handle it by itself. In the latter case, the live ball should be the same live ball that the last ball hit before this. Namely:

A) Any red ball is a live ball there.

B) After all the red balls leave the stage, the colored balls are live balls.

C) After the red ball falls into the bag, the colored ball is a colored ball selected by the batter in the case of a live ball.

(2) When there is a straight path between the cue ball and any live ball or possibly any part of the live ball, if the batter fails to hit it, the referee shall declare that the ball is a foul. Unless the referee thinks that the player needs to create or has created obstacles before hitting a shot, and the referee thinks that the empty shot is not intentional.

(3) When the situation described in (2) occurs and the empty ball is announced, there is a straight path from the main ball to a live ball or possibly a live ball, so that the two balls can collide along the whole center sphere (if the live ball is a red ball and is not blocked by colored balls, it should refer to the whole diameter of any red ball), then:

A) Hit a ball from the same position. If the first hit of the live ball fails again, it shall be declared as an empty foul, no matter how many points are different.

B) If required to punch again from the original position, the referee should warn the offending party, and if it fails again for the third time, the result will be that one set will be sentenced to lose to the other party.

(4) After the cue ball is returned to its original position according to these rules, there is a straight path from the cue ball to any live ball or any part that may be a live ball. At this time, if the batter commits a foul on a free kick, including the cue ball to be hit, if the stroke has not been made, it may not be declared as an empty shot, and other appropriate penalties may be taken in this case:

A) The next player can either choose to hit the ball by himself or ask the offending party to hit it hard at the stop position.

B) The next player can ask the referee to put all the balls back to the position where they were before the foul, so that the offending party can hit them again from there.

C) If the above-mentioned situation still occurs after being declared as empty continuously, any warning that the match may be awarded to the opponent will still be valid.

(5) All other empty strokes shall be announced according to the judgment of the referee.

(6) After an empty shot occurs and the next player requests that the cue ball be put back in its original position, any disturbed target ball should remain in its current state, unless the referee thinks that the offending player will benefit from it. In the latter case, any or all of the disturbed balls can be put back in the original position with the approval of the referee. However, in any case, the colored balls that leave the table abnormally should be placed at the ball placement point or returned to the original proper position.

(7) After an empty shot, when any ball is put back in its original position, the offending party or the next player can be consulted for the position of the ball, and then the referee’s decision is finally over.

(8) When asking for advice, no matter which player touches any ball in the middle of the game, he should be punished as a batting player. The original competition order remains unchanged. If necessary, the touched ball should be put back to the position recognized by the referee, even if the ball has been picked up by the referee, it is not allowed to touch it.

(9) The non-offending party has the right to ask if the referee intends to put the ball other than the main ball back in its original position, and whether to require the main ball to hit the ball from its original position, and the referee shall explain its intention.

22. Touched ball:

If the ball at rest or in motion is disturbed by other non-batting players, the referee should restore the ball to its original position as he thinks it is; Or let it continue to move until it stops, without punishment.

These rules should include those cases where the batsman is forced to move the ball due to other accidents or personnel, but the batsman’s companion is not limited.

Players are not responsible for the interference caused by referees.

23. Deadlock:

If the referee thinks that there is or will be a deadlock in the game, he will immediately suggest a restart. If the player refuses, the referee should allow the game to continue. However, there should be additional conditions, that is, it should be announced that the situation must change within a certain period of time. Usually, under the judgment of the referee, three strokes should be limited to each side. For example, after the announced time expires, when the situation basically remains unchanged, the referee should cancel all the scores and rearrange all the balls, just like the beginning of a game.

(1) The original kickoff player still kicks off.

(2) Keep the original batting order.

24. Snooker doubles for four:

(1) In the four-person doubles competition, each side takes turns to open the market. The batting order should be set before the game and remain unchanged.

(2) After each game, the order of appearance can be changed.

(3) If a foul is committed and required to continue hitting the ball, the fouler of the offending party shall continue hitting the ball. Even if the foul happened outside the round, the original game order remained unchanged, which made the partner of the fouler lose a round.

(4) In a game, partners can consult each other, but it is a foul in the following cases:

A) The player is hitting the ball or is ready to hit the ball at the table.

B) Negotiate from the first stroke to the end of one stroke.

25, the use of auxiliary equipment:

The batsman shall be responsible for moving any auxiliary equipment he uses on the table:

(1) The batsman is responsible for all articles, including but not limited to the racks and extension equipment he has taken to the table. Whether they belong to the batter himself or are borrowed, he should be responsible for them (except those from the referee), and he will be punished when he uses these devices to cause any foul.

(2) The batter is not responsible for the non-human foul caused by using the auxiliary equipment provided by the referee. If these devices prove to be faulty, and the batter touches one or some balls as a result, it is not a foul. If necessary, the referee should put the ball back in its original position, and when the batter is hitting a ball, he should be allowed to continue without punishment.

26, interpretation:

(1) All regulations and terms in these Rules are equally valid for women.

(2) due to different specific circumstances, it is necessary to make appropriate adjustments so that the rules can be applied to some people with practical difficulties, especially:

A) The penalty of "keep your feet off the ground" cannot be applied to athletes in wheelchairs.

B) If the athlete can’t tell the difference between colors, such as red and green, he should be informed of the color of the ball after making a request to the referee.

C) In the absence of an umpire, between opposing players or between two sides, the game shall be deemed to be played as described in this rule.

Folding athlete

1. Stall time: If the referee thinks that the player spends one stroke time, or chooses one stroke time, which exceeds the normal time, he should give a warning to the player, and he may be sentenced to lose the set to the other side.

2. Improper behavior: A player who refuses to play a game or is considered by the referee to be a deliberate foul or a continuous foul, including continuing to delay the game time and uncivilized behavior after being warned by the above rule 1, shall be sentenced to lose the game. At the same time, the referee should warn the players. If the player still doesn’t make corrections, he will be disqualified from the competition.

3. Punishment:

(1) According to the rules, if a game is penalized, the offending party:

A) The game was defeated;

B) All points are lost, and the non-offending party gets the same points as the remaining balls on the table. That is, 8 points for each red ball. Moreover, any colored balls that leave the table abnormally will be counted as points at the ball placement point.

(2) According to the rules, if a game is fined, the offending party:

A) As stated in (1), the ongoing match was defeated.

B) All other relevant sets required for the completion of the competition of this Council but not yet played were awarded a penalty.

C) When the cumulative score is calculated, each set that is judged to have failed in a game will be counted as 147 points.

4. Non-batting athletes: When batting athletes are playing, non-batting athletes should avoid standing or moving in the sight of batting athletes. He should sit down or stand at a suitable distance from the table.

5. Absence: When the batter needs to leave, the non-batter can appoint an agent to monitor his peers and make a foul to the referee when necessary, but the referee must know.

6. Abstaining:

(1) When an athlete becomes a batter, he can be allowed to abstain. However, the other party has the right to accept or refuse the waiver. If the opponent chooses to continue the game, the waiver will become invalid.

(2) When it is necessary to calculate the cumulative score, and one set has been abstained, the scores of all the balls left on the table should be added to the scoring record of the other side. In this case, the red ball is counted as 8 points, and any colored ball that leaves the table abnormally will be counted as the ball placement point.

Folding staff

1. Referee:

(1) The referee shall:

A) Be the sole judge of whether the game is fair or not.

B) When there is something not clearly stipulated in the rules during the competition, it is free to make a ruling without being influenced by all aspects.

C) Be responsible for the proper behavior of the competition under these rules.

D) When any violation of the rules is found, it should be intervened.

E) When asked, inform the athletes of the color of the ball.

F) Wipe any ball at the reasonable request of the athlete.

(2) Referees should not:

A) Answer any questions not specified in these Rules.

B) Give any hint when the player is about to make a foul in hitting the ball.

C) Give any advice and opinions that may affect the score of the competition.

D) Answer any questions about the difference in scores.

(3) If the referee neglects to pay attention to an accident for a while, he can use the scorekeeper and other staff. Or the audience with better viewing position, etc. to help him make a ruling.

2. scorekeeper:

The scorekeeper should score points on the scoreboard and help the referee to perform his duties. If necessary, he can act as a recorder.

3. Recorder:

The recorder should keep a record of each stroke, properly record the foul, and the score that each player or each side deserves. He should also record the total score of one stroke.

4. Staff’s help:

(1) If the athlete points out that the lighting equipment hinders the hitting action, the referee or scorer should remove it and put it in an appropriate position.

(2) Allow referees or scorekeepers to give necessary help to disabled players.

Text | Zhang Shule (columnist of People’s Daily Online and People’s Post and Telecommunications, observer of Internet and game industry)

What can you gain by backing the glory of the king?

Will Tencent control your fate?

Recently, e-sports operator Hero Sports VSPN (hereinafter referred to as "VSPN") submitted an IPO application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

According to the data, VSPN is the only operator of the glory of the king KPL. According to the revenue in 2020, it occupies more than 75% of the market share in the organization and operation of e-sports events, making it a leader in the industry.

VSPN was founded in 2016, and its founder Ying Shuling is a well-known figure in the game circle, known as "the first mobile game player in China".

According to the prospectus, VSPN’s business includes the operation of e-sports events, earning commercial benefits from brands and sponsors, game developers and publishers, live broadcast platforms, and community operations.

Jost Sullivan reports that the company ranks first in the market share of the e-sports competition industry in China, and it is the only participant whose business covers all market segments of the industry.

As far as the first nine months of 2021 are concerned, the revenue of VSPN mainly comes from the operation and commercialization of e-sports events, accounting for 35.3% and 34.1% respectively, and the third contribution is community operation, accounting for 25.9%.　　

According to Jost Sullivan’s report, VSPN held official professional e-sports competitions for the glory of the king, Peace Elite, Jedi Survival, Jedi Survival Mobile Edition, Crossing the Line of Fire and Clash of Tribes: clash royale. In 2020, VSPN operated 77 e-sports events on 21 e-sports games in China and overseas, and held more than 2,000 competitions. In the nine months ending on September 30th, 2021, VSPN operated 94 e-sports events on 29 e-sports games in China and overseas, and held nearly 5,600 matches.

It is worth mentioning that in January, 2021, VSPN acquired Banana Game Media, which was praised as the performance of the company to further strengthen the operation ability of overseas events.

According to media reports, the company is a subsidiary of Shanghai Banana Plan Culture Development Co., Ltd. founded by Wang Sicong, which focuses on e-sports business.

However, Tianyancha APP showed that on January 14th, 2021, Wang Sicong had withdrawn from the list of shareholders of the company.

In addition, Tencent is the invisible pillar behind VSPN. As of the last practical date, Tencent owns 13.54% of its total issued share capital and is one of its major shareholders.

In terms of support, Tencent is also doing its best. Since 2016, Hero Sports VSPN has cooperated with Tencent, including the operation of sports events and the commercialization of some e-sports games, such as the glory of the king and QQ Speeding. The two sides also jointly managed the Peace Elite Professional League (PEL) from October 2019 to December 2021.

Taking the glory of the king Professional League (KPL) as an example, Tencent’s "hard work" is even more obvious.

The league is currently the world’s largest mobile e-sports league (based on the highest audience during the finals).

Since 2017, Hero Sports VSPN has been its sole event operator.

In this regard, Wu Liyang, a reporter from 21st century business herald, and Xu Xinyi, a reporter from China Business News, had an exchange with Shu Le respectively. Being original thought:

Under the background that e-sports has officially become an Asian Games project, VSPN, which takes e-sports events as the mainstream profit model, stands on the cusp of the times, and its application for IPO also represents the rhythm of the domestic e-sports industry from scratch to maturity.

On the surface, Tencent’s will may influence the fate of VSPN, but it is not.

Although, VSPN suggests risks in the prospectus, if the business relationship with Tencent cannot be maintained, the company’s business may be adversely affected.

However, the role played by e-sports operators in the e-sports industry is becoming an "irreplaceable" mode, and the possibility that game manufacturers will end up doing competitions themselves is getting smaller and smaller.

It must be recognized that event operation is a field different from game operation and promotion. In the past, many events in the e-sports industry were at best a game marketing promotion of game manufacturers, rather than a sustained and professional sports event.

E-sports must have professional operation and maintenance if it is to be truly transformed from a game into a sports event. The role of operators has also become crucial with the demand iteration of domestic e-sports cities, e-sports events and game manufacturers.

There is a cooperative relationship between e-sports operators and game manufacturers, and choosing a company with its own interests among multiple operators to run its own game events, or taking back power due to differences in cooperation, will gradually become the norm with the deepening of e-sports and the emergence of related companies.

However, it is not realistic for game manufacturers to directly end up. At most, the game manufacturer will set up a new company to take care of the games and avoid business conflicts.

One background to note is that Ying Shuling also founded Hero Entertainment, which focuses on the research and development and distribution of mobile e-sports games.

In a sense, the starting point of VSPN is precisely a fission in exploring the e-sports industry chain after Ying Shuling achieved the game company Hero Entertainment, and gained more development from hosting his own games to hosting more games of third-party game companies.

At the same time, e-sports events are becoming more and more like a sunrise sport.

In the prospectus, VSPN quoted Jost Sullivan as saying that in 2020, 488 million e-sports fans around the world specially watched e-sports programs. In addition, the audience number of e-sports events is close to that of traditional sports, but the audience is more diversified and has sufficient growth potential.

In fact, the life cycle of successful e-sports games is calculated in ten years, and entering the competition mode can further extend its life cycle and provide gamers with more experiences (watching games, participating in competitions and spending around).

As a young people’s game and sports experience, the viability of e-sports industry is actually very strong. As the forerunner of the rise of live broadcast and short video industry in the past five years, we can see that its strength is not limited to the event itself, and it has the ability to surpass traditional sports in the surrounding derivation.

CCTV News:From May 10th to 19th, the Ministry of Finance will issue the third and fourth issue of this year’s voucher savings bonds. According to the issuance announcement, the two issues of national debt are fixed-rate and fixed-term varieties, with a maximum issuance of 30 billion yuan. Among them, the third period is 3 years, the maximum issue amount is 15 billion yuan, and the annual coupon rate is 2.38%; The fourth phase has a term of five years, with a maximum issuance of 15 billion yuan and an annual coupon rate of 2.5%. Savings bonds has a slightly higher yield than time deposits, and represents the national reputation, with guaranteed capital and interest, and stable income, so it has long been favored by investors who pursue steady income.

Savings bonds’s hot sales are favored by the market　

In order to buy national debt, many people came to the queue early. Since the beginning of this year, savings bonds has been favored by the market.

How hot is the national debt sales? It can be seen in this bank outlet.

Wang Xi, head of Tianjin Tonglou Sub-branch of China Industrial and Commercial Bank, said: "Today, savings bonds sold more than 1.2 million yuan in three and five years, and the scene was quite hot. It was sold out within 10 minutes. Many people didn’t queue up successfully in the last two issues, and they didn’t buy it. This time, they came to buy it early. It is obvious that there are more people queuing this month than in the previous two issues. "

According to the announcement of the Ministry of Finance, the issuance of national debt lasted until 19th. Although the final statistics have not yet come out, according to the results of savings bonds’s issuance in March and April this year, savings bonds was favored by many people. For example, in March, during the issuance of voucher-type savings bonds, 14 of the 466 outlets of a large commercial bank in Beijing were sold within half an hour. The electronic savings bonds issued in April sold 99.7% of the planned issuance amount on the first day of issuance. Two banks sold out in less than one minute, and seven banks sold out in six minutes.

Why is savings bonds selling well? This is the current RMB deposit interest rate table. The three-year and five-year rates are 1.95% and 2% respectively. Generally speaking, savings bonds’s interest rate has an advantage over deposit interest rate.

In view of the hot sale in savings bonds, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said not long ago that the Ministry of Finance will study increasing the issuance scale appropriately, and at the same time, study further lowering the single-person purchase limit, so that savings bonds can benefit more investors. In addition, on the basis of ensuring counter sales, we will continuously improve the information service level of electronic savings bonds and steadily increase the online (mobile phone) sales quota of electronic savings bonds. The Ministry of Finance, together with relevant departments, will further optimize the quota allocation mechanism of voucher-type savings bonds to better match the outlets with actual needs, and study and optimize the medium-and long-term arrangements of voucher-type and electronic-type savings bonds issuance ratios to better meet investors’ demand for bonds.

　　On February 12 -15, the series of "Mysteries in Liao Dynasty" in the Literature and History Edition of Law Lecture Hall was broadcast.

At 22:43 on February 12, the Liao Dynasty mystery, the rebellion of Emperor Taishu (I)

　
　　In 1063 AD, Yelu Hongji of Liao Daozong went out hunting with a large group of troops. Unexpectedly, the father and son of Emperor Yelu Chongyuan took the opportunity to rebel and took more than 2,000 rebels to the palace of Liao Daozong, trying to kill the king and seize the throne. Liao Daozong usually showed kindness to Yelu Chongyuan and trusted this "great uncle Huang" very much. Yelu Chongyuan’s sudden rebellion left Liao Daozong completely unprepared. At this time, Liao Daozong had only a few hundred people around him. In the face of the menacing rebels, Liao Daozong’s life and his throne hung by a thread. Can he survive this crisis?

At 22:43 on February 13th, the Liao Dynasty Mystery, the Emperor’s Uncle’s Rebellion (Part Two)

　
　　During the hunting period of Liao Daozong, the emperor’s great uncle Yelu Chongyuan suddenly launched a rebellion, but the palace was only a few dozen troops. In a critical moment, Yelu Ren stepped forward first, not only led his troops to repel the rebels, but also killed Yelu Chongyuan’s son. When the first attack failed, Yelu Chongyuan did not choose to attack again and win the palace, but hastily became emperor. What will happen to the situation after dawn? Yelu Chongyuan holds a high position in the imperial court. Why did he embark on the road of rebellion? What influence will this rebellion bring to the Liao Dynasty?
　
　　At 22:43 on February 14th, the murder case in the court was a mystery in Liao Dynasty (I)

　
　　During the reign of Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao Dynasty, an appalling case happened in the imperial court. Han Derang, the powerful minister of the dynasty, had an argument with another minister during the proceedings of the court. Under the eyes of the public, he actually took the Rong staff from the court guard and killed another minister on the spot. In front of the emperor and the queen mother, it is really incredible that such a thing happened. So what’s the grudge and holiday between two people, which actually led to a big fight in the court, so that people died in the end?
　
　　At 22:43 on February 15th, a mystery in Liao Dynasty, a murder case in court (part two)

　
　　Han Derang, a powerful minister of the Han nationality, was above the court, and killed Yelv Tiger Gu, a Qidan nobleman, on the spot because of a dispute of words. This sudden incident made the Khitan officials angry, but Xiao Taihou, who was actually in power in the imperial court, was surprised by this incident. Instead of punishing Han Derang, Xiao Taihou tried his best to protect him. Why? How did a Han minister get such treatment in Liao Dynasty? What are the unknown reasons behind this?

　
　　Speaker: Li Wenjun, Professor of Southwest University for Nationalities.
　　Chief Editor: Yu Jia
　　Director: Xu Shuang

　　CCTV News:The reporter learned from the Changchun police that on the 24th, 15 people involved in the case, including Gao Mofang, the chairman of Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., were criminally detained by the Changchun New District Public Security Bureau according to law for suspected criminal offences. At present, the work related to the case is in progress.

　　Regarding the vaccine incident of Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the Supervision Committee of the Jilin Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection resolutely implemented the spirit of the instructions of the central leadership and the deployment of the provincial party Committee. It was highly concerned about this and demanded that those responsible for the vaccine incident be resolutely investigated and dealt with according to discipline and law, in accordance with their work functions, and be seriously held accountable.

　

　　At present, the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Jilin Province has taken three measures to step up its work: First, sort out and dispatch the clues and letters and visits that reflect Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and its main responsible persons. The second is to instruct the Discipline Inspection Team of the Food and Drug Administration in the province and the Supervision Committee of the Changchun Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection to clarify the responsibilities on the basis of finding out the facts, and seriously investigate and punish the accountability of the relevant responsible persons of the food and drug supervision departments in the provinces and cities. The third is to set up a working group to investigate the possible corruption problems in the process of restructuring, production and operation of Changchun Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd..